印尼苏玛集团的兴衰

印尼“苏玛集团”是第二大华人企业家、“阿斯特拉集团”董事长谢建隆长子谢汉石创办的.从25000万美元创业起家,十年间发展成为一个拥有近达2万亿盾(约合10亿美元)资产的五十家大企业集团之一.是八十年代中扩展最速,进取心最强,令人刮目相看的一个新兴华人企业集团.但是1992年底至1993年初,却由于经营管理不善,债台高筑,无法及时偿清债务,其核心骨干企业“苏玛银行”被印尼政府宣布吊销营业准字.“苏玛集团”也频于破产边缘.这事件在印尼经济企业界,特别是华人企业及银行界中产生了难以估量的影响及后果.本文拟就苏玛集团的兴衰作一简要评述.     

动物权利导论--孩子与狗之间

[美]G·L·弗兰西恩著,张守东、刘耳译中国政法大学出版社2005年版人类经过了几千年的斗争,普通老百姓的权利才在法律中得到了确立和保障。但是,动物的权利至今尚未在法律中得到确立和保障。的确,已有不少有识之士认识到法律应保障动物的应有权利,要求用人道的方式对待动物。然     

破迷信,兴科学——社会主义精神文明建设的一个重要方面

党的十一届三中全会以来,沿海城乡在改革开放和两个文明建设方面取得了举世瞩目的成就,但也确有一些现象令人忧思。其中最引入注目的算是沿海城乡近些年来封建迷信的回潮,有些情况之严重,已经到了非整治不可的地步。本文就笔者近期深入沿海城乡调查了解到的情况,对这股迷信风潮的现状、特点、成困作一分析,并提出若干对策意见。     

双女结伴走川藏

去年春天,《南风窗》“城市故事”的专栏编辑收到一封来信,两个广州女孩在信中说,她们将要用3年的时间,自筹资金,结伴走遍祖国的大江南北,完成一个被她们称为“中华女子第一行”的壮举。这封信在“城市故事热线”中刊登之后,编辑收到了不少来信,有的要求与两个姑娘结伴而行,也有的主动提出为她们解决沿途的吃住问题,也有各地的希望小学来信邀请她们前往参观考察。3月8日,两个女孩离开广州,开始了她们的第一站行程——川藏之行。8个月的时间,行程3万多公里,走完了云、贵、川、新疆和西藏5省区,拍摄了大量图片,记录了许多宝贵的经历。两个年轻姑娘一个叫吴颀一个叫雨雁,吴颀原本是一个摄影记者,而学绘画的雨雁则刚从学校毕业不久。为了实现她们这次全国之游的理想,吴颀将以前工作的积蓄全部拿出,雨雁则不断为人画一些商业画来赚钱。另外,她们的家庭也在经济上给了她们很大的支持。而为能够顺利而安全地走完全程,她们准备了两个大行囊的物品,还特意到公安部门买回一些防身的装备。不过,在旅途中,她们仍经历过不少危险,而吴颀还受了伤。至发稿日,她们已经完成了第一站的行程,正在努力工作赚钱。今年暮春之时,她们又将出发,奔向新的旅途。在这里,我们编发她们在第一站行程中的一些经历和她们的摄影绘画。     

彭云鹏企业集团的形成与发展

八十年代中朝,印度尼西亚工商界涌现了一位被誉为新的"林业大王"的年轻华人企业家-普拉约戈·邦格斯图,(Pnajogo pengestu).他所建立的"巴里多·太平洋集团",(Barito Pacific Group)已成为印尼最大的著名的三十家华人企业集团之一.探索一下彭云鹏及"巴里多·太平洋集团"形成发展的道路和原由,对于我们进一步了解当代印尼华人企业集团的发展与演变,是有所裨益的.     

The evolution of employment in Mexico: 1895-1980

Employment figures from the Mexican national census are the basis for this analysis of employment changes in Mexico between 1895-1980. The work identifies longterm trends in the volume and composition of employment and distinguishes 3 main periods in the evolution of employment. The first period, from 1895-1930, marked the end of a stage of development lasting until about 1907 in which sufficient internal stability was achieved to support Mexico's entrance into the world market. Export of agricultural products and metals was the principal focus of economic growth. Construction of roads and railroads was a central element of progress. But economic and social problems manifested in regional disparities, concentration of wealth, conflicts between economic sectors, low pay for agricultural workers, and fierce social and political control characterized the period and culminated in the Mexican Revolution. After the first decade of the 20th century the ability of the economy to absorb new workers began to decline, and the falling of crude activity rates was not reversed until the 1940s. During the 1920s, total employment increased less than 6%, reflecting a net increase of 403,000 male workers and a decrease of 110,000 female workers. The second major period of employment from 1930-1970 saw the change from an economy based on export of primary products to one based on manufacturing for the internal market. There were 2 subperiods, a stage of transition from 1930-50, the economy registered marked fluctuations, but by the 1940s the consolidation of state power and important reforms permitting expansion of the internal market were factors in an accelerated growth of employment relative to the preceding intercensal period. Despite considerable increases in agricultural employment, the relative share of the agricultural sector in total employment was beginning a decline. Employment registered the highest growth rates of the century in the 1940s and exceeded population growth. The increased employment was explained by accelerated growth and accumulation in manufacturing along with increases in commerce, services, construction, and agriculture. From 1950-70, industrial development was consolidated, and there was a generalized expansion in employment in manufacturing as well as in the secondary and tertiary sectors. The economy was less able to absorb new labor, primarily because the agricultural sector had reached the limits of expansion in both the commercial and peasant sector by 1965, at just the time that population growth was most rapid. During the 1970s, manufacturing employment grew less rapidly because of modernization, almost exclusive orientation to the internal market which limited expansion, and scarcity of funds for importing capital goods. A new model of growth will be needed if Mexico is to escape its present stagnation, and a significant share of economic activity will need to be oriented to export. Until this process is consolidated, the national economy is unlikely to show signs of sustained recuperation.