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71.
Aaron Chalfin Amelia M. Haviland Steven Raphael 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2013,29(1):5-43
Objectives
We provide a critical review of empirical research on the deterrent effect of capital punishment that makes use of state and, in some instances, county-level, panel data.Methods
We present the underlying behavioral model that presumably informs the specification of panel data regressions, outline the typical model specification employed, discuss current norms regarding “best-practice” in the analysis of panel data, and engage in a critical review.Results
The connection between the theoretical reasoning underlying general deterrence and the regression models typically specified in this literature is tenuous. Many of the papers purporting to find strong effects of the death penalty on state-level murder rates suffer from basic methodological problems: weak instruments, questionable exclusion restrictions, failure to control for obvious factors, and incorrect calculation of standard errors which in turn has led to faulty statistical inference. The lack of variation in the key underlying explanatory variables and the heavy influence exerted by a few observations in state panel data regressions is a fundamental problem for all panel data studies of this question, leading to overwhelming model uncertainty.Conclusions
We find the recent panel literature on whether there is a deterrent effect of the death penalty to be inconclusive as a whole, and in many cases uninformative. Moreover, we do not see additional methodological tools that are likely to overcome the multiple challenges that face researchers in this domain, including the weak informativeness of the data, a lack of theory on the mechanisms involved, and the likely presence of unobserved confounders. 相似文献72.
Central Asia Central Asian Review. Vol. XIII, No. I, 1965. London, Central Asian Research Centre, 66a King's Road, London, S.W.3. Pp. 97. Maps. 10s. Russia's Policy in Central Asia 1857–1868. By N. A. Khalfin. A condensed version of the original Russian by Hubert Evans. London, Central Asian Research Centre, 1964. Pp.107. Maps. Bibliog. 18s. Communist China and Tibet. The First Dozen Years. By George Ginsburgs and Michael Mathos. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1964. Pp. 218. Bibliog. Index. Dutch guilders, 23.25. South Asia The Road to Freedom. By Sir Percival Griffiths. London, Ampersand, 1965. Pp. 207. Bibliog. 6s. Modern India. By Sir Percival Griffiths. London, Ernest Benn, 1965. Pp. xiii + 300. Maps. Bibliog. Index. 37s. 6d. Federalism in India. A Study of Union‐State Relations. By Asok Chanda. London, Allen and Unwin, 1965. Pp. 347. Bibliog. Index. 42s. The Concept of the Secular State and India. By Ved Prakash Luthcra. London, Oxford University Press, 1964. Pp. ix + 187. Bibliog. Index. 22s. India and the Commonwealth, 1885–1929. By S. R. Mehrotra. London, Allen and Unwin, 1965. Pp. 287. Bibliog. Index. 40s. Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China. By W. F. van Eekelen. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1964. Pp. ix + 220. Maps. Bibliog. Index. Dutch guilders 22.50. Sind. A General Introduction. By H. T. Lambrick. (History of Sind Series—Vol. I.) Hyderabad (Sind): Sindhi Adabi Board, 1964. Pp. xv + 274. Maps. Illus. Glossary. Bibliog. Indexes. Pakistan. Birth and Growth of a Muslim Nation. By Richard V. Weekes. London, D. Van Nostrand Co. Ltd., 1965. Pp. ix + 278. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 45s. South‐West Asia Empire by Treaty. Britain and the Middle East in the Twentieth Century. By M. A. Fitzsimons. London, Ernest Benn Ltd., 1965. (Notre Dame University Press, Indiana, 1964.) Pp. xiv + 235. Maps. Index. 50s. Arab Unity in Terms of Law. By M. F. Anabtawi. The Hague, Martinus Nijhof, 1963. Pp. 263. Bibliog. Guilders 18. Arabian Oil Ventures. By H. St.J. Philby. The Middle East Institute, Washington, D.C., 1964. Pp. xiii +134. Endpaper maps. Illus. $4.75. The Covenant and the Sword. Arab‐Israeli Relations, 1948–56. By Earl Berger. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul; Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1965. Pp. ix + 245. Maps. Bibliog. Index. 35s. Cross Roads to Israel. By Christopher Sykes. London, Collins, 1965. Pp. 479. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 42s. Mandate Memories 1918–1948. By Norman and Helen Bentwich. London, Hogarth Press, 1965. Pp. 231. Index. 30s. Ben Gurion. A Political Biography. By Maurice Edelman. London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1964. Pp. 214. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 30s. Arab Border‐Villages in Israel. By Abner Cohen. Manchester University Press, 1965. Pp. xiv +194. Map. Bibliog. Index. 30s. Education in Israel. By Joseph S. Bentwich. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965. Pp. 204. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 24s. South East Asia. Illusion and Reality in Politics and Economics. By Lennox A. Mills. Minnesota University Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1964. Pp. 365. Map. Index. 45s. China and the Peace of Asia. Edited by Alastair Buchan. London, Chatto and Windus for the Institute for Strategic Studies, 1965. Pp. 253. Bibliog. 30s. The Indo‐China War, 1945–54. A Study in Guerilla Warfare. By Edgar O'Bal‐lance. London, Faber, 1964. Pp. 285. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 35s. Conflict in Laos. The Politics of Neutralization. By Arthur J. Dommen. London, Pall Mall Press, 1964. Pp. xiv + 338. Maps. Tables. Bibliog. Index. 40s. The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951–1963. By Donald Hindley. University of California Press and Cambridge University Press, 1964. Pp. 380. Maps. Bibliog. Index. $8.50. 68s. Village in Vietnam. By Gerald Cannon Hickey. Yale University Press, 1964. Pp. xxvii + 325. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 72s. Far East Mao and the Chinese Revolution. By Jerome Ch'ên. London, Oxford University Press, 1965. Pp. 419. Maps. Appendices. Bibliog. Index. 42s. Communist China: The Early Years 1949–55. By A. Doak Barnett. London, Pall Mall Press, 1964. Pp. xiv + 336. Index. 42s. The Birth of Communist China. By C. P. Fitzgerald. London, Penguin Books Ltd., 1965. Pp. 288. Maps. Index. 5s. Soviet Scientist in China. By Mikhail A. Klochko. Trans. by Andrew Mac‐Andrew. London, Hollis and Carter, 1964. Pp. 192. 25s. Workers of China. By K. E. Priestley. London, Ampersand, 1965. Pp. 107. 3s. 6d. Communist China's Crusade. By Guy Wint. London, Pall Mall Press, 1965. Pp. 136. Maps. Bibliog. Index. 21s. Li Hung‐Chang and the Huai Army. A Study in Nineteenth‐Century Regionalism. By Stanley Spector. Seattle, University of Washington Press, 1964. Pp. 359. Bibliog. Index. $9.50. Bitter Strength. By Gunther Barth. Harvard University Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1964. Pp. 305. Bibliog. Index. 48s. Suye Mura. A Japanese Village. By John F. Embree. Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press, 1965. Pp. xxxi + 354. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. Paperbound, 21s. Government and People in Hong Kong 1841–1962. A Constitutional History. By G. B. Endacott. Hong Kong University Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1965. Pp. 263. Map. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 45s. Biography Ataturk. The Rebirth of a Nation. By Lord Kinross. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964. Pp. 542. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 63s. Allenby. By Brian Gardner. London, Cassell, 1965. Pp. 314. Maps. Illus. Index. 30s. The Forgotten Men. By Iain Adamson. London, G. Bell and Sons, 1965. Pp. 193. Map. 21 s. The Gurkhas. By Harold James, M.C., and Denis Shiel‐Small, M.C. London, Macdonald, 1965. Pp.291. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 35s. Six Minutes to Sunset. By Arthur Swinson. London, Peter Davies, 1964. Pp. vii + 215. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 30s. Road to Nineveh. The Adventures and Excavations of Sir Austen Henry Layard. By Nora Kubie. London, Cassell, 1965. Pp. 303. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 36s. Commissioner Lin and the Opium War. By Hsin‐Pao Chang. Harvard University Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1965. Pp. 319. Maps. Bibliog. Index. 56s. Culture and Civilization The Eastern Key. Kitab al‐Ifadah wa'l I'tibar of Abd al‐Latif al‐Baghdadi. Translation by K. Hafuth Zand and John A. and Ivy E. Videan. London, Allen and Unwin, 1964. Pp. 293. 63s. Islamic Architecture and its Decoration A.D. 800–1500. By Derek Hill and Oleg Grabar. A Photographic Survey with an Introductory Text. London, Faber, 1964. £6 6s. The Golden Peaches of Samarkand. By Edward H. Schafer. The University of California Press: Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1963. Pp. 399. Illus. Bibliog. Notes. Index. 72s. Horses in Japan. By Vivienne Kenrick. London, J. A. Allen and Co., 1964. Pp. 196. Illus. 25s. Religion and Philosophy A History of Medieval Islam. By J. J. Saunders. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965. Pp. 219. Maps. Index. 32s. The Spirit of Islam. By Syed Ameer Ali. London, Methuen, 1965. (University Paperbacks.) Pp. ix + 515. Bibliog. Index. 21s. Ghazali's Book of Counsel for Kings (Nasihat al‐Mulūk). Translated by F. R. C. Bagley. Oxford University Press, 1964. Pp. lxxiv +197. 63s. Studies in Christian Caucasian History. By Cyril Toumanoff. Georgetown University Press, 1963. Pp.601. Maps. Bibliog. Index. 相似文献
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78.
Frederick Aaron Lazin 《Policy Sciences》1973,4(3):263-273
This paper reports on research regarding the federal role with respect to racially discriminatory practices in public housing. It is a case study of federal efforts to deal with inadequate housing for low-income Americans, based on Public Housing in Chicago from 1963 through June 1971.Prepared for delivery at the 1972 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C., September 8, 1972. Copyright, 1972, The American Political Science Association. 相似文献
79.
80.
Aaron Taylor 《The Modern law review》2019,82(1):17-45
This paper offers an account of concurrent liability, and in particular the existence of, and interaction between, concurrent contractual and non‐contractual duties. It argues for five essential propositions: (1) a defendant can owe simultaneous private law duties towards a claimant, the content of which overlaps in whole or in part; (2) cases of concurrent liability in contract and negligence involve independent duties, which are concurrent but not coextensive; (3) the doctrine of concurrent liability is conceptually distinct from the rule that the claimant must elect between inconsistent remedies; (4) if the defendant commits a wrong in breach of more than one duty, the claimant has a prima facie choice to sue for any of those breaches; and (5) the content of one any duty might affect the content of the other. The last of these principles, it is argued, provide an explanation for the recent decisions in Wellesley Partners v Withers and AIB v Mark Redler. 相似文献