THE PUBLIC SERVANT

To the ignorance of most Australians, the nature of the Commonwealth public Service has changed a lot over recent years. Whether the change is for the better or worse is a matter of opinion. The first essential is that the public should be aware of what has happened.     

Thomas Hobbes and the philosophy of punishment

In this article I argue for a full appraisal of Hobbes's theory of punishment which takes account of its divergent and contradictory aspects. Examining his theory within the general context of his position in Leviathan, it is possible to see its centrality for the subsequent development of the modern philosophy of punishment. From this point of view, it is also possible to pinpoint the source of a central weakness in the retributive theory of punishment.     

Methodological issues in marital violence research

Recent interest in all aspects of domestic violence has stimulated rapid proliferation of research and literature. Although the knowledge base has grown, what we don't know still far exceeds what we do know. Starting from nothing, initial research tended to “sweep with a wide broom” in an effort to develop direction. The absence of an accepted methodology produced wide sample and design variations and inconsistent findings. The urgent press for information promoted a desire to disseminate “facts” that may have been less than factually derived from research that may have originally been seen as pilot in nature. This paper discusses the methodological issues that may have contributed to some of the inconsistencies in the marital violence literature and makes suggestions for the design and interpretation of research.     

抗人N单克隆抗体的理化特性研究及其初步应用

本文报告理化因素对抗人N单克隆抗体(ON_1D_3)活性的影响。P~H及反应温度对ON_1D_3单克隆抗体与人红细胞的血凝反应有显著的影响。较适宜的实验条件为P~H7.0,温度30℃。在此条件下对155例新鲜血液及60例陈旧血痕样品进行MN分型。结果与用市售兔抗N血清测定的结果完全一致,证明在上述条件下,ON_1D_3单克隆抗体可用于临床常规血液分型及法医学上对陈旧血痕MN血型的测定。     

Barriers to the widespread utilization of residential solar energy: The prospects for solar energy in the U.S. housing industry

Residential solar energy applications can provide a significant fraction of the U.S. energy budget. However, to do so, they must be combined with other energy-conserving strategies and diffused rapidly throughout the housing industry. Discussed are the potential resistances to the diffusion of solar energy within the U.S. housing industry; implications for the application of residential solar energy are treated.Richard Schoen is an architect and faculty member of the University of California at Los Angeles' School of Architecture and Urban Planning. He is also a staff consultant to the Solar Energy Team at Caltech.An earlier version of this paper was prepared and delivered at the International Solar Energy Conference, Le soleil au service de l'homme, Paris, July 2–6, 1973.Alan Hirshberg is an engineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a consultant to the City of Pasadena, California, and also a member of the Solar Energy Team of the Environmental Quality Laboratory, Dabney Hall, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109.