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401.
402.
James D. Unnever Francis T. Cullen Julian V. Roberts 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2005,29(2):187-216
Polls exploring attitudes toward the death penalty typically impose a simple, dichotomous response structure: respondents
are asked whether or not they support or oppose capital punishment. This polling strategy deprives respondents of expressing
an indication of the strength of their opinions. When asked whether they support (or oppose) the death penalty “strongly”
or “not strongly,” significant proportions of respondents select the latter category. This suggests that many proponents and
opponents of the death penalty have weakly-held views regarding the issue. These respondents are of great interest because
they are the individuals most likely to change their views. This article analyzes responses to two national surveys in order
to explore the variables that differentiate respondents with strongly-held and weakly-held views. A theoretical account is
offered to explain why some people have weakly-held views on this critical social issue. 相似文献
403.
While reasons for returning to abusive partners have received considerable attention in research on intimate partner violence,
few studies have examined the reasons why victims fail to follow through with the protection order process, regardless of
whether or not they return to their abusive partners. Fifty-five women who were in the process of withdrawing a protection
order against a male intimate partner were surveyed in the present analysis. Recognizing that reasons given for withdrawing
a protection order often follow common themes, individual responses were organized into several “domains,” or groupings of
such reasons. The most commonly cited domain involved a “concrete change” on behalf of the victim or defendant, which made
the protection order less necessary in the victim’s view. This was closely followed by the domain addressing emotional attachment
to the abuser. Implications for future research and policy are discussed. 相似文献
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Objectives
Police workload’s relationship with crime clearance has been studied widely. In the challenging environment now facing police, even small and possibly temporary changes in investigative workload could harm clearance. However existing workload-clearance research either used only a yearly average that obscures temporal variability in caseload, or explored proxy rather than direct measures of workload’s short-term variation. Our improved workload measures capture caseload’s daily changes as crimes are reported, cleared, or remain uncleared but reach the end of active investigation. We examine relationships between clearance and both long- and short-term variability in workload.Methods
Using NIBRS and LEMAS data, we calculated between-agency (typical or long-term) and time-varying, within-agency (daily fluctuating or short-term) workload measures. We used these and other agency/jurisdiction- and incident-level variables in multi-level survival analysis of clearance by arrest for serious violent incidents from 2007 NIBRS.Results
Both workload measures were significantly and negatively related to the clearance hazard rate; higher long- and short-term workloads are associated with reduced chance of a case being cleared. The estimated relationship between longterm workload and clearance became progressively stronger (more negative) as the crime incident’s legal seriousness decreased. However, estimates indicated greater sensitivity of the clearance hazard to short-term workload fluctuations for more serious crimes, though the workload-clearance relationship remained negative for all crime types.Conclusion
Crime clearance should be considered by police agency planners when addressing workload through staffing decisions. Refinement of our workload measures will require additional information, and should be considered in future agency- and incident-level data collection.409.
410.
Rebecca Roberts 《Criminal Justice Matters》2013,92(1)
Abstract While the pages of Criminal Justice Matters frequently examine and assess criminal justice policies and often make recommendations on how to reform the system, this edition takes a more reflexive approach. Rather than focus on the nature of criminal justice reforms, this issue of cjm shines a spotlight on the reformers. 相似文献