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61.
Although officially Russian state-owned energy companies operate as independent entities, their actions often lead to suspicion that they are acting as a tool of Russian state foreign policy. Countries on the southeastern borders of Europe – Bulgaria and Greece – are prime examples of where this might be the case, since they not only have a central position in Russia’s plans to penetrate European markets through new transport infrastructure but are also part of competing plans for routing non-Russian gas to Western markets. The main focus of the present research is on the natural gas and oil sectors, as these are the traditional foundation of Russian energy exports to Europe. The aim of this paper is thus to provide an objective, evidence-based analysis of Russian activities in the natural gas and oil sectors of Greece and Bulgaria in order to establish whether its actions have been implicitly or explicitly politicized and have served to strengthen Russian influence in the region. 相似文献
62.
Albert W. Harris 《Negotiation Journal》2010,26(3):327-356
Although insurgencies may begin their rebellions with expressed desires for outcomes unacceptable to opposing governments, the desired insurgent outcomes sometimes undergo modification, creating conditions that can make governments more amenable to external mediation. In certain separatist conflicts, the likelihood of external mediation increases when the political redefinition of the state insisted upon by the insurgents undergoes a revision, from secession to self‐determination, understood as a variant of autonomy. In the same vein, although it may not happen concurrently, insurgent movements become more amenable to external mediation if and when opposing governments revise the preferred conflict outcome from a military defeat of the insurgents to a containment of the movement. These two developments can serve as objective referents helping external parties to identify a ripe moment in the conflict and initiate mediation. But the implementation of an agreement ending separatist conflict may not occur if the government fails to submit the proposed territorial bounds of autonomy to prior review by constituents. Potential spoilers among government constituents should be identified and recruited to participate in the negotiations so that the likelihood of agreement rejection is reduced. In some states, however, the legal mechanisms and political opportunities for constituents to act as spoilers do not exist. 相似文献
63.
Mental health,substance use,and offending patterns among Native American youth in juvenile detention
Research has shown that youthful offenders in the juvenile justice system report an array of substance use and emotional and other mental health needs. The current study closely examined these issues in a large national sample (n = 539) of Native American youth drawn from the Survey of Youth in Residential Placement. Results demonstrated that frequent substance use was associated with the likelihood of being detained for a drug offense, while emotional and mental health needs were associated with detention for the most serious offenses. These results highlight the need for comprehensive substance use and other mental health assessments for Native American youth in the juvenile justice system. 相似文献
64.
Lopez V Kopak A Robillard A Gillmore MR Holliday RC Braithwaite RL 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(8):945-957
Sexual risk taking among female delinquents represents a significant public health problem. Research is needed to understand
the pathways leading to sexual risk taking among this population. This study sought to address this issue by identifying and
testing two pathways from child maltreatment to non-condom use among 329 White and 484 African American female adolescent
detainees: a relational pathway and a substance use coping pathway. The relational pathway indicated that child maltreatment
would be related to non-condom use via depressive self-concept and condom use self-efficacy. The substance use coping pathway
suggested that depressive self-concept and alcohol-based expectancies for sexual enhancement would mediate the relationship
between child maltreatment and non-condom use. As hypothesized, the relational pathway variables were associated with one
another in the expected directions; however, evidence of mediation was not found. Support for mediation was found for the
substance use coping pathway. Exploratory across group comparison analysis indicated that the relational pathway was significant
for White girls whereas the substance use coping pathway was significant for African American girls. Limitations and implications
for future research are discussed. 相似文献
65.
66.
Albert Posch 《Journal für Rechtspolitik》2011,19(2):185-194
Nach Auffassung des VwGH verlangt das Unionsrecht, dass der Umweltsenat auch über Berufungen in Umweltvertr?glichkeitsprüfungsverfahren
für Bundesstra?en und Eisenbahn-Hochleistungsstrecken entscheidet. Um zu diesem Schluss zu gelangen, musste der VwGH in seinem
Beschluss vom 30. September 2010 zum einen von einem unionsrechtlich determinierten Gebot ausgehen, dass einem nachprüfenden
Gericht in Umweltvertr?glichkeitsprüfungsverfahren volle Tatsachenkognition zukommt (und somit eine Beschwerdem?glichkeit
an den VwGH nicht ausreicht). Zum anderen musste der VwGH den Vorrang des Unionsrechts dahingehend deuten, dass sekund?res
Unionsrecht auch zust?ndigkeitsbegründend wirken kann und sich nicht darin ersch?pft, zust?ndigkeitshemmendes innerstaatliches
Recht zu verdr?ngen. Da beide Annahmen aus unionsrechtlicher Sicht eine substantiierte Untermauerung vermissen lassen, w?re
der VwGH nach der hier vertretenen Auffassung verpflichtet gewesen, den EuGH im Rahmen eines Vorabentscheidungsverfahrens
anzurufen. 相似文献
67.
Wilkinson DA Hulst AG de Reuver LP van Krimpen SH van Baar BM 《Journal of forensic sciences》2007,52(6):1272-1283
Forensic laboratories do not have the infrastructure to process or store contaminated DNA samples that have been recovered from a crime scene contaminated with chemical or biological warfare agents. Previous research has shown that DNA profiles can be recovered from blood exposed to several chemical warfare agents after the agent has been removed. The fate of four toxic agents, sulfur mustard, sodium 2-fluoroacetate, sarin, and diazinon, in a lysis buffer used in Promega DNA IQ extraction protocol was studied to determine if extraction would render the samples safe. Two independent analytical methods were used per agent, selected from GC-MS, 1H NMR, 19F NMR, (31)P NMR, or LC-ES MS. The methods were validated before use. Determinations were carried out in a semi-quantitative way, by direct comparison to standards. Agent levels in the elution buffer were found to be below the detectable limits for mustard, sarin, sodium 2-fluoroacetate or low (<0.02 mg/mL) for diazinon. Therefore, once extracted these DNA samples could be safely processed in a forensic laboratory. 相似文献
68.
Ailsa Henderson Steven D. Brown S. Mark Pancer Kimberly Ellis-Hale 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(7):849-860
In 1999, the Ontario provincial government introduced into its high school curriculum a requirement that students complete
40 h of volunteer community service before graduation. At the same time, the high school curriculum was shortened from five
years to four. Consequently, the 2003 graduating class of Ontario high school students contained two cohorts, the first of
the 4-year cohorts that was compelled to complete a mandated community service requirement, and the last of the 5-year cohorts
that was not. Using a quasi-experimental design, we surveyed 1768 first-year university students in terms of their perceptions
and attitudes about the nature and amount of previous volunteering, attitudes towards community service, current service involvement
and other measures of civic and political engagement. Comparisons of the two cohorts indicate that, while there were discernible
differences between the two cohorts in terms of their past record of community service, there were no differences in current
attitudes and civic engagement that might plausibly be attributed to participation in the mandatory service program. Results
are discussed with relation to the current debate concerning the impact of mandatory volunteering policies on intrinsic motivation
to volunteer.
相似文献
Kimberly Ellis-HaleEmail: |
69.
In this paper we compare the relationship between a firm’s innovation capital and the likelihood that a firm will commercialize an invention. Our index of innovation capital is the product of the firm’s human capital, social capital, and reputational capital. We find from our empirical experiment, which uses Small Business Innovation Research data, that innovation capital is a statistically more important entrepreneurial input to the innovation output of commercialization than any of its components. 相似文献
70.
Albert Domson-Lindsay 《South African Journal of International Affairs》2013,20(3):391-411
There are several accounts of the past relations between Swaziland and South Africa. Some are set in the realist school of international relations scholarship. These studies portray Swaziland's policy behaviour as ‘submissive’ because of ‘immutable structural forces’. The neo-Marxian analyses locate the relations exclusively in class/ideological setting. Other accounts depict the ‘kaleidoscopic’ nature of the relations. The post-apartheid understanding of this relationship is largely gleaned from regional studies – the dominant view of which is that South Africa is reluctant to exercise hegemony in its relations with regional states. This article critiques the one-directional thrust of the realist and Marxian accounts. While endorsing multidirectional and multidimensional accounts of policy behaviour, the article shows that they lack an over-arching theoretical framework. A similar charge is directed at the post-apartheid literature. The position of this article is that constructivism offers analytical tools needed to understand the relations between the two states and how South Africa can reorder them. 相似文献