Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in Sicily

Eight Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs)-DYS19, DYS389-I, DYS389-II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393 and DYS385-were typed in a population sample (n=255) of unrelated Sicilian males from nine different towns on the main island and from the island of Pantelleria.     

Does counterfeiting benefit genuine manufacturer? The role of production costs

A monopolist sells a luxury genuine product which can be illegally copied and sold by a competitive fringe of counterfeiters. Fines imposed on caught counterfeiters are pocketed by the genuine firm. We prove that if production costs are low, then the genuine manufacturer would lobbying for high penalties so that counterfeiters should be thrown out of the market. In this case, the presence of counterfeiters does not provide any benefit to the producer of the original product. Whenever the production cost is neither too high nor too low, the optimal fine guarantees a positive demand for the genuine product as well as for the fake; the genuine producer is better off than in a world without counterfeiters. If production costs are too high, the genuine firm has no more incentive to produce. Its remaining goal is to collect penalty money from counterfeiters. Again, the presence of counterfeiters provides a benefit to the genuine manufacturer. Finally, a comparison between full protection and null protection policies is performed.     

议会参与WTO事务问题初探

WTO直接影响到世界上大多数国家及各国人民的生活,这要求增强其透明度和民主,加大议会对WTO事务的参与和监督.对WTO的议会监督传统上指国内议会的监督,用以审查在WTO的谈判和承诺是否符合本国的利益和法律.此外还存在从国际层面通过国际议员会议对WTO事务展开监督和施加影响的第二种方式.有观点认为现有的这两种方式不足以对WTO展开有效的监督,需要在WTO框架内建立起多边议会监督机制.是否建立以及建立什么样的WTO议会机制,其根本判断价值和标准应该是能增强发展中国家对WTO事务和决策的参与,而不应该加剧不平衡,进一步向发达国家倾斜.在WTO框架下的多边议会监督机制的讨论刚刚开始,主要是组织形式和程序方面的问题,包括议会是否应是咨询性的,主要进行信息公布和交换,与国内议会的关系,与WTO秘书处的关系等观点和问题.在议会的监督作用等问题上已有共识.     

论中国共产党在农民教育中的主体地位

农民教育是实现农民现代化的有效途径,而中国共产党在农民教育中的主体地位对农民教育的成败至关重要。从理论、历史与现实多维角度来看,中国共产党是农民教育的主体,起关键作用。     

近年来总体国家安全观研究述评

总体国家安全观是适应新时代历史方位的新型国家安全观,自提出以来就受到学术界广泛关注。文章从总体国家安全观的内容构成、主要特征以及实践路径三个角度着手,对已有研究成果进行了系统梳理和分析,探索既有研究的特征和优势,同时也指出存在的薄弱环节和不足之处。未来的研究应完整梳理总体国家安全观理论体系、深挖科学内涵,着眼中国特色、细化主要特征、关注制度建构、探索协同实践,从而为国家总体安全工作的进一步发展提供更有力的理论支持。