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331.
Alex Cockain 《社会征候学》2018,28(4):533-554
This article explores the diverse semiotic landscapes which may be experienced as a consequence of apparently mundane rides taken upon the Shanghai metro. I first present, and then untangle, the ideological discourses that form, clash and, at times, collapse during these journeys. In order to elaborate upon the composition of these signs, they are viewed from multiple perspectives, although significant reference is made to Roland Barthes’ punctum/studium dialectic. These signs are not only read as manifestations of robust ideology but also as indeterminate, and fragile. This article is also concerned with pragmatics on the Shanghai metro, or the relationships between people and signs, and illustrates how passengers perform within this semiotically charged environment in ways which, sometimes, undo, or subvert, urban rationality. Although this article specifically focuses upon the Shanghai metro, and one particular route in its parliament of lines, it is intended these observations not only inform but also are informed by accounts of social spaces beyond these limits. 相似文献
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Alex Ingrams 《国际公共行政管理杂志》2018,41(13):1033-1046
Government transparency continues to challenge existing frameworks for understanding organizational performance. Transparency has proven difficult to measure and results assessing its impacts are mixed. This article sets forward a model of performance-based accountability in open government initiatives. Data come from the Open Government Partnership’s (OGP) database of over 1,000 transparency initiatives across 50 countries in 2013. Ordered logistic regression estimates the effect of management practices on three different measures of transparency performance, and the results broadly support the model. Expert interviews from two country cases offer insight into how performance management is used in the context of transparency reforms. 相似文献
333.
An economic impact snapshot of foreign and domestic enterprises from the functional economic areas of Guinea-Bissau showed that not all micro and small enterprises (MSEs) are local, and not all outside investment is large scale. We find that South–South entrepreneurship has prospects to improve livelihoods as drivers of economic growth and development in a low-income economy. While political instability and a lack of resources remain as barriers to solvency for both domestic and foreign investors in the global periphery, as opportunities and effective business strategies are fostered, improved socio-economic integration and development results. 相似文献
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Carrie F. Mulford Dara R. Blachman-Demner Lindsay Pitzer Carol A. Schubert Alex R. Piquero Edward P. Mulvey 《Victims & Offenders》2018,13(1):1-27
The relationship between victimization and offending has been shown consistently across different samples, settings, and crime types. This study uses data from the Pathways to Desistance Study to examine dual trajectories of offending between the ages of 15 and 24 in a sample of male felony offenders. The dual trajectory models demonstrate substantial convergence in victimization and offending. And while there are sizable numbers of youth who continue to be victimized, but desist or decrease in their offending behaviors, very few youth continue to offend in the absence of continued victimization. This study also proposes and tests three criminological theories that have been employed as explanations for the victim-offender overlap—low self-control, lifestyles/routine activities, and street-code attitudes. The logistic regression results indicate that involvement in risky and/or unstructured, unsupervised activities is a key correlate of the victim-offender overlap. The strength of the relationship between routine activity variables and the victim-offender overlap supports the provision of structured, supervised activities for youth and young adults as a way of preventing future victimization and offending, particularly among youth who have high exposure to violence. 相似文献
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Anne M. Mauricio Michelle Little Laurie Chassin George P. Knight Alex R. Piquero Sandra H. Losoya Delfino Vargas-Chanes 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(3):440-453
The current study modeled trajectories of substance use from ages 15 to 20 among 1,095 male serious juvenile offenders (M age = 16.54; 42% African-American, 34% Latino, 20% European-American, and 4% other ethnic/racial backgrounds) and prospectively
predicted trajectories from risk and protective factors before and after controlling for time spent in a supervised setting.
Results indicated that supervised time suppressed age-related growth in substance use. Trajectories of offenders with no supervised
time and low levels of supervised time increased in substance use across age, whereas offenders with high levels of supervised
time showed no growth. Almost all risk and protective factors had effects on initial substance use but only adolescent history
of substance use, impulse control, and psychosocial maturity had an effect on change in substance use over time. Findings
highlight the importance of formal sanctions and interventions superimposed on normal developmental processes in understanding
trajectories of substance use among serious juvenile offenders.
Anne Marie Mauricio, Ph.D., is a research faculty member at the Prevention Research Center at Arizona State University. She received her Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology from Michigan State University. Her major research interests include interpersonal violence and preventative interventions for substance use, academic disengagement, and mental health disorders. Michelle Little, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. She received her Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology from Temple University. Her major research interests include prevention of externalizing disorders. Laurie Chassin, Ph.D., is a Regents Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University. She received her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Teachers College, Columbia University. Her major research interests include the development and intergenerational transmission of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use and substance use disorders. George P. Knight, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Psychology at Arizona State University. He received his Ph.D. in 1980 from the University of California at Riverside. His research interests include cultural adaptation in immigrant and minority youth and adults as well as methodological issues associated with research on ethnic minority families. Alex R. Piquero, Ph.D., is presidential scholar and professor in the Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland College Park. He received his Ph.D. in Criminology from the University of Maryland College Park in 1996. His major research interests include criminal careers, criminological theory, and quantitative research methods. Sandra H. Losoya, Ph.D., is a research assistant professor of psychology at Arizona State University. She received her Ph.D. in developmental psychology, specializing in socio-emotional development, from the University of Oregon. Her research interests include individual differences in emotional responding and coping, and sources of resilience in high-risk children. Delfino Vargas-Chanes, Ph.D., is research faculty member in the Department of Psychology at Arizona State University. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology from Iowa State University. His major research interests include development of measurement instruments, structural equation modeling, multilevel modeling and advanced statistical analyses applied to social and behavioral sciences. 相似文献
Delfino Vargas-ChanesEmail: |
Anne Marie Mauricio, Ph.D., is a research faculty member at the Prevention Research Center at Arizona State University. She received her Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology from Michigan State University. Her major research interests include interpersonal violence and preventative interventions for substance use, academic disengagement, and mental health disorders. Michelle Little, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. She received her Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology from Temple University. Her major research interests include prevention of externalizing disorders. Laurie Chassin, Ph.D., is a Regents Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University. She received her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Teachers College, Columbia University. Her major research interests include the development and intergenerational transmission of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use and substance use disorders. George P. Knight, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Psychology at Arizona State University. He received his Ph.D. in 1980 from the University of California at Riverside. His research interests include cultural adaptation in immigrant and minority youth and adults as well as methodological issues associated with research on ethnic minority families. Alex R. Piquero, Ph.D., is presidential scholar and professor in the Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland College Park. He received his Ph.D. in Criminology from the University of Maryland College Park in 1996. His major research interests include criminal careers, criminological theory, and quantitative research methods. Sandra H. Losoya, Ph.D., is a research assistant professor of psychology at Arizona State University. She received her Ph.D. in developmental psychology, specializing in socio-emotional development, from the University of Oregon. Her research interests include individual differences in emotional responding and coping, and sources of resilience in high-risk children. Delfino Vargas-Chanes, Ph.D., is research faculty member in the Department of Psychology at Arizona State University. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology from Iowa State University. His major research interests include development of measurement instruments, structural equation modeling, multilevel modeling and advanced statistical analyses applied to social and behavioral sciences. 相似文献
339.
Dana L. Haynie Richard J. Petts David Maimon Alex R. Piquero 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(3):269-286
Exposure to violence is a serious public health concern that compromises adolescents by affecting their behavior and psychological
well-being. The current study advances knowledge about the consequences of exposure to violence in adolescence by applying
a life course perspective to evaluate the developmental implications of adolescents’ exposure to violence. In particular,
drawing on a sample of 11,949 school-aged adolescents in the U.S., we examine whether exposure to violence in adolescence
is associated with precocious role exits that some adolescents experience. Exposure to violence is conceptualized as including
both direct (i.e., experiencing physical victimization) and indirect exposure (i.e., witnessing others’ victimization). Three
types of direct exposure to violence are examined: street, intimate partner, and family victimization, as well as four types
of indirect exposure including: street, peer, and school violence as well as exposure to family/friend suicide. Using three
waves of longitudinal data from the Add Health Study, we find that exposure to violence is associated with greater risks of
running away from home, dropping out of high school, having a child, attempting suicide, and coming into contact with the
criminal justice system in later adolescence. In addition, risks depend upon the relational context in which the exposure
to violence occurred, risks increase with greater exposure to violence, and risks are, for the most part, highest for those
youth exposed to both indirect and direct violence in adolescence.
Dana L. Haynie is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Ohio State University. She received a Ph.D. in Sociology from the Pennsylvania State University in 1999. Her current research focuses on the social relationships that facilitate delinquent behavior and the developmental implications of exposure to violence. Richard J. Petts is an Assistant Professor at Ball State University. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology from The Ohio State University. His main research interest is the intersection of family and religion, and recent work focuses on the influence of family and religion on adolescent well-being. David Maimon is a Ph.D. candidate in sociology at the Ohio State University. His research interests include sociological and criminological theories, quantitative research methodologies and behavioral variation in deviance and crime across urban communities. Alex R. Piquero is Professor in the Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland College Park, where he received his Ph.D. in 1996. His research interests include criminal careers, criminological theory, and quantitative research methods. He is co-editor of the Journal of Quantitative Criminology, and Executive Counselor with the American Society of Criminology. 相似文献
Dana L. HaynieEmail: |
Dana L. Haynie is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Ohio State University. She received a Ph.D. in Sociology from the Pennsylvania State University in 1999. Her current research focuses on the social relationships that facilitate delinquent behavior and the developmental implications of exposure to violence. Richard J. Petts is an Assistant Professor at Ball State University. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology from The Ohio State University. His main research interest is the intersection of family and religion, and recent work focuses on the influence of family and religion on adolescent well-being. David Maimon is a Ph.D. candidate in sociology at the Ohio State University. His research interests include sociological and criminological theories, quantitative research methodologies and behavioral variation in deviance and crime across urban communities. Alex R. Piquero is Professor in the Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland College Park, where he received his Ph.D. in 1996. His research interests include criminal careers, criminological theory, and quantitative research methods. He is co-editor of the Journal of Quantitative Criminology, and Executive Counselor with the American Society of Criminology. 相似文献
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