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251.
Elias G. Carayannis Jeffrey Alexander John Geraghty 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2001,26(4):337-350
Information technology, and especially the Internet, are exerting an increasingly large and broad influence on industrial structures and measurement and evaluation of such fundamental concepts as risk, the value and benefits of intangibles such as intellectual capital, brand-related goodwill, and service sector productivity. Identifying the key value-adding factors underpinning productivity in the service sector has always been a significant challenge but with the advent of the WWW and the broad diffusion of Internet-enabled technologies and transacting modalities such as electronic commerce, this challenge has become even harder. In this paper, we compile a number of empirical case studies from industry where the use of electronic commerce has served as a strategic differentiator in pushing the service productivity envelop and in maximizing customer value added. Specifically, we examine the impact of electronic commerce on the process and petroleum industries. We profile in detail the role of electronic commerce as a strategy-enabling, infrastructural, path-breaking and general-purpose technology that if properly leveraged, can lead to radical improvements in both quality and productivity in services, thus helping re-define and re-shape the core structure and relationships in the industries it impacts. We end by identifying best practices in deploying electronic commerce as a strategic agent of change within and across firms and industries in the pursuit of increasingly higher levels of service sector productivity and quality. 相似文献
252.
Alexander G. Kalman 《Trends in Organized Crime》2001,6(3-4):68-76
The collapse of communism in Ukraine created opportunities for organized criminal groups to expand their economic criminal
activities in the “shadow economy” by penetrating all levels of public and economic administration. Ukrainian law enforcement
agencies are poorly equipped to handle this increase in criminal activity, especially with respect to uncooperative foreign
and domestic economic institutions. State machinery for regulation and control of industry and commerce was easily accessible
to organized crime through bribing of state officials, who received no supervision during economic restructuring. Notwithstanding
the active assistance of corrupt government officials, organized economic crime has benefited from chaos and lost government
control as the result of recent economic reforms in Ukraine. Researchers in this study hypothesize that the social and economic
disorder, as well as a common and justified mistrust of state officials, fosters a pessimism and erodes moral standards, which
in turn fosters criminal activity. Of late, judicial sentencing for those convicted of economic crimes has become lighter
while many economic criminal cases are never investigated or prosecuted in the first place. In order to combat large-scale
corruption, there must be better supervision of government officials and better monitoring of foreign economic transactions.
One of the most disastrous consequences of the collapse of the Ukrainian communist system has been the widespread increase
of economic crime. This phenomenon is self-sustaining, penetrating all levels of Ukraine's economy and administrative sectors.
Criminal activity helps to sustain the shadow economy in Ukraine, which has been estimated by various sources to constitute
50 to 60 percent of the economy. Law enforcement and administrative efforts have been largely futile in curbing this corruption.
Nevertheless, it is possible to overcome the criminal social and economic order that has become ingrained in this “shadow
economy.” This paper seeks to propose policy solutions for Ukrainian economic crime and corruption that could be implemented
at the national level. 相似文献
253.
Baute DT Satkoski JA Spear TF Smith DG Dayton MR Malladi VS Goyal V Kou A Kinaga JL Kanthaswamy S 《Journal of forensic sciences》2008,53(6):1325-1333
A 60 bp sequence variation hotspot in the canine mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region 1 was evaluated for its use in forensic investigations. Nineteen haplotypes containing 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms were observed among laboratory-generated and GenBank-derived domestic dog sequences representing five regional localities in the U.S. Samples from the different localities were highly variable with the levels of intra-population variability being similar among the populations studied. AMOVA further confirmed that there was no significant genetic structuring of the populations. Assays using these haplotypes were robust, canid specific and portend a rapid method for correctly excluding individual dogs as noncontributors of forensic evidence. Species-specificity of the primers was confirmed by means of in-tube polymerase chain reaction of human and cat DNA and in-silico assessment of the genomes of several animal species. Breed-specific fragments were not detected among the common haplotypes but there is evidence that this assay may be capable of differentiating domestic dog, wolf, and coyote sequences. 相似文献
254.
Psarra V Sestrini M Santa Z Petsas D Gerontas A Garnetas C Kontis K 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2008,31(1):77-85
The deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill and their shift into the community lead the police to play an important role in the management of acute psychiatric states. This study examines the attitudes of the Greek police towards the mentally ill, and the problems that arise during the transfer of mentally ill people to psychiatric emergency departments. Results highlight policemen misperceptions, and the difficulties encountered during transport procedures, which may be attributed to insufficient knowledge about mental illness and lack of training, respectively. Furthermore, this article discusses the need for police educational intervention, and the formation of specialized teams to improve the handling of mentally ill in crisis situations. 相似文献
255.
Although many countries recruit bureaucrats using affirmative action, the effect of affirmative action recruits on bureaucratic performance has rarely been examined. Some worry that affirmative action worsens bureaucratic performance by diminishing the quality of recruits, whereas others posit that it improves performance by making recruits more representative of and responsive to the population. We test for these possibilities using unusually detailed data on the recruitment, background, and careers of India's elite bureaucracy. We examine the effect of affirmative action hires on district‐level implementation of MGNREGA, the world's largest anti‐poverty program. The data suggest that disadvantaged group members recruited via affirmative action perform no worse than others. 相似文献
256.
Political Behavior - A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-021-09693-y 相似文献
257.
Georgia is the only country in the post-Soviet region where incarceration rates significantly grew in the 2000s. Then in 2013, the prison population was halved through a mass amnesty. Did this punitiveness and its sudden relaxation after 2012 impact attitudes to the law? We find that these attitudes remained negative regardless of levels of punitiveness. Furthermore, the outcomes of sentencing may be less important than procedures leading to sentencing. Procedural justice during both punitiveness and liberalisation was not assured. This may explain the persistence of negative attitudes to law. The Georgian case shows that politically-driven punitive turns or mass amnesties are unlikely to solve the problem of legal nihilism in the region. 相似文献
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