高校规章制度建设存在的问题及法治化思考

建立健全各项内部管理制度，是实现依法治校的重要前提，有利于高校管理工作的科学化、规范化和高效化。做好规章制度的“立、改、废”工作，构建一个合法、公正、高效的制度体系，才能使高校的管理服务工作高水平地运行。通过对北京市若干有代表性高校的内部规章制度修订情况的考察，分析了工作中存在的一些问题，并提出相关对策建议。     

论文化生态学视野下的高校质量文化建设

从文化生态学的角度出发，通过结构简图解析了高校质量文化所处的环境、地位，同时结合高校质量文化的特殊性，阐述了高校质量文化结构的突出特点及改进建议。通过论述文化生态学视野下的高校质量文化建设方案，为高校质量文化的建设提供了一条新的解决路径。     

Sex estimation from foot dimensions in an indigenous Indian population

Dismembered/severed human remains are frequently found in cases of mass disasters and criminal mutilation. Sex estimation from foot dimensions, therefore, has a vital role in establishing personal identity. There is a paucity of literature on this issue from various Indian populations. The "Rajbanshi" is one such indigenous population located in the state of West Bengal, India. The present study attempts to estimate sex from foot length, foot breadth, and foot index among 350 living adult Rajbanshi (175 men and 175 women) individuals (age range: 18-50 years). The study concludes that foot dimensions show significant sex differences. Both sectioning point and regression analyses can be used to estimate sex from foot dimensions. However, multiple regression models appear to have the maximum accuracy in sex differentiation. Although statistically significant sex differences are evident for foot index, its practical utility appears to be limited because of considerable overlap.     

Is There an Association Between Gasoline Prices and Physical Activity? Evidence from American Time Use Data

Obesity is epidemic in the United States, and there is an imperative need to identify policy tools that may help fight this epidemic. A recent paper in the economics literature finds an inverse relationship between gasoline prices and obesity risk—suggesting that increased gasoline prices via higher gasoline taxes may have the effect of reducing obesity prevalence. This study builds upon that paper. It utilizes cross‐sectional time series data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) over 2003–2008, utilizes the increases that occurred in gasoline prices in this period due to Hurricane Katrina and to the global spike in gasoline prices as a “natural experiment,” and explores how time spent by Americans on different forms of physical activity is associated with gasoline price levels. Economic theory suggests that higher gasoline prices may alter individual behavior both via a “substitution effect” whereby people seek alternatives to motorized transportation, and an “income effect” whereby the effect of higher gasoline prices on the disposable family budget leads people to make various adjustments to what they spend money on. The latter may lead to some increase in physical activity (for example, doing one's own yard work instead of hiring help), but may also lead to decreases in other physical activities that involve expenses, such as team sports or workouts at the gym. Thus, ultimately, the relationship between gasoline prices and physical activity must be empirically determined. Results from multivariate regression models with state and time fixed effects indicate that higher gasoline prices are associated with an overall increase of physical activity that is at least moderately energy intensive. The increases are most pronounced in periods where gasoline prices fluctuate more sharply and unexpectedly. These results appear robust to a number of model specifications. One of the major components of this increase appears to be an increase in housework that is at least moderately energy intensive—such as interior and exterior cleaning, garden, and yard work. This tentatively suggests that there is an income effect of higher gasoline prices, or a possible increase in prices of such services when gasoline prices increase. However, the increases in physical activity associated with increased gasoline prices are weaker among minorities and low socioeconomic status (SES) individuals. Hence, while a policy that increases gasoline prices via raised gasoline taxes may have benefits in terms of increasing overall physical activity levels in the United States, these benefits may not accrue to low SES individuals to the same extent as to their higher SES counterparts. This suggests that if increasing physical activity is the primary goal, then it may be more efficient to use a tax that can exert an income effect on mid‐to‐high SES households, such as a targeted income tax. On the other hand, if gasoline taxes are imposed to address other negative externalities of gasoline use, then these taxes may have the added benefit of increasing physical activity at least among some segments of U.S. society.     

左宗棠与西北民族地区儒家认同的建构——以同治回民起义后书院重建为中心

书院是推行儒家教化与认同的最重要机构之一。同治年间西北地区回民起义之后,左宗棠对陕甘地区的书院做了大规模的整修、增修,与书院相关的文教设施也得以重建。这都体现了清政府力图通过增进儒家文化认同,稳固统治秩序的强烈色彩。     

名人虚假广告民事责任

名人虚假广告是虚假广告现象的一个比较突出的问题。在《广告法》等相关法律没有明确规定的情况下,对该现象的规治就显得比较困难。有学者认为名人因为不是广告合同的当事人而不应承担责任,这实际上违背了民法的诚信原则、欺诈理论,侵权理论等,也即,名人做虚假广告在一定情况下要承担责任。     

东盟“和平、自由和中立区”战略构想探讨

为了维护东南亚地区各国的主权和独立,避免外部大国的威胁和干涉,东盟在20世纪70年代初期提出了"和平、自由和中立区"战略构想.80年代,由于发生了越南入侵柬埔寨事件,使东盟中立区构想遭遇极大挫折.冷战结束以后,地区安全结构发生重大变化,新的国际关系格局正在形成,东盟及时调整其安全战略,组建了"东盟地区论坛",实现了由"中立"到"中心"的历史性转变.本文主要就东盟中立区战略构想的宗旨和主要原则、发展演变历程和外部大国的反应等方面做较为全面的探讨.指出,东盟安全战略的基本思路是,在大国均势格局下实现地区安全事务的自治.     

Thinking and speaking in the philosophy of K. C. Bhattacharya

Although the following essay does not strictly fall within the discipline of classical Indian philosophy, in which our Journal specializes, we publish it here for two reasons: (1) K. C. Bhattacharya was an outstanding philosopher of India in the past generation, and his thought was deeply influenced by his thorough study of classical Indian Vedanta and Jainism, as well as by the study of Kant (four of our consulting editors were his direct students). (2) His view about the notion of the speakable and philosophy is unique, and it has remained opaque to most of us. Hence some discussion will be illuminating.     

Evaluation of Virulence Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility in Yeast Isolates from Postmortem Specimens

Invasive fungal infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, especially in cases requiring a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit. A total of 99 yeast strains were isolated from 42 postmortem cases. In this study, virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility of these species were evaluated. The isolates were identified as Candida albicans (54), C. tropicalis (15), C. glabrata (12), C. parapsilosis (6), C. lipolytica (3), C. utilis (3), C. krusei (2), C. kefyr (1), and Cryptococcus neoformans (3). The most commonly isolated species was C. albicans, and no resistant species were determined. Despite the equal number of specimens, no secretion of significant virulence factors was associated with the postmortem specimen in the Candida species. Postmortem fungal investigations in forensic autopsies are useful in explaining cause of death in such cases, also may lead to protocols for the treatment of fungal infections and contribute to fungal pathogenesis and epidemiological data.