Armanni–Ebstein Lesions in Terminal Hyperglycemia

Armanni–Ebstein lesions (AEL) occur in deaths related to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. To investigate the relationship between AEL and terminal hyperglycemia, we retrospectively reviewed 71 cases with vitreous glucose levels ≥11.1 mmol/L; 27 (38%) cases had AEL (vitreous glucose 14.0–77.3 mmol/L); and 44 cases (62%) did not (vitreous glucose 11.1–91.9 mmol/L). There was no significant difference (p = 0.271) in vitreous glucose levels between the cases with AEL (mean 39.2, SD 16.7 mmol/L) and those without (mean 34.2, SD 19.8 mmol/L). Similarly, there was no difference in the degree of dehydration, renal failure, or osmolality. However, there was a significantly higher level of β‐hydroxybutyrate among the cases with AEL compared to those without (p = 0.007), suggesting that ketoacidosis may facilitate the development of AEL. Given the possible synergistic role of β‐hydroxybutyrate, the correlation between AEL and terminal hyperglycemia in animal studies may not be applicable to humans. AEL may also possibly occur with sublethal elevations in glucose.     

Basal Vacuolization in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells at Autopsy and Their Relation to Ketoacidosis

Basal vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells is a useful postmortem marker for ketoacidosis. To investigate its incidence and relationship to the severity of ketoacidosis, 158 autopsy cases with elevated β‐hydroxybutyrate (>1 mmol/L) over a 7‐year‐period were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty‐eight cases (43%) exhibited basal vacuolizations (vitreous β‐hydroxybutyrate: 1.16–29.35 mmol/L, mean 10.28 mmol/L), and 90 cases (57%) did not (vitreous β‐hydroxybutyrate: 1.03–13.7 mmol/L, mean 2.84 mmol/L). Quantitative analysis revealed on average a fourfold elevation in β‐hydroxybutyrate in cases with basal vacuolizations compared to those without; 10.3% of cases with β‐hydroxybutyrate concentrations between 1.01 and 2.00 mmol/L had basal vacuolizations, and this incidence increased to 33.3% with concentrations between 4.01 and 6.00 mmol/L. A marked increase in incidence to >70% was observed with concentrations >6.00 mmol/L, and basal vacuoles were invariably present (100%) with concentrations >14.01 mmol/L. This study demonstrates that basal vacuolizations are a sensitive marker for significant ketoacidosis and reaffirms its use as an indicator for likely cases of fatal ketoacidosis at autopsy.     

农村金融主体缺位及体系重构

相对于农业在国民经济中的地位,农村金融呈现出不对称的地位,表现为农村金融主体的缺位和农村金融资源的稀缺,这限制了农村经济的进一步发展,必须改变我国现有农村金融体系,发挥金融对农村经济应有的支撑作用。     

诉讼监督改革:抉择困境与实践进路

我国当前的诉讼监督具有全面性、事后性、弱效力和分散性等四个鲜明的特点,诉讼监督改革面临着选择诉讼与监督分离还是诉讼与监督合一、以同步监督为主还是以事后监督为主、全面监督还是重点监督、弱效力监督还是强效力监督的艰难抉择。在推进诉讼监督改革时,检察机关必须遵从必要性原则、有限监督原则、中立性原则等三个基本原则,必须鼓励先行先试、坚持循序渐进、注重协调配合以及加大诉讼监督工作力度和创新诉讼监督机制等。     

Research note: challenges of identifying female human trafficking victims using a national 1-800 call center

Human trafficking is a complex global and national crime problem harming victims physically, psychologically, and financially. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA), Pub. La 106–386, and subsequent reauthorizations, provide assistance and benefits to foreign born victims of labor or sexual human trafficking who are here in the United States. The strategies used to encourage victims to come forward were modeled on those used in the anti- domestic violence (DV) and child protection movements. These include initiatives alerting the public to domestic violence situations through awareness campaigns to increase tips as well as calls for service to police. Other public service initiatives urge victims themselves to self-identify by calling 1-800 numbers. While these techniques have shown success in reducing incidences of domestic violence and providing help to victims, their use to combat sex trafficking has not produced the same level of results. This note explores the challenges for immigrant women victims to self-identify as trafficking victims and urges that evidence-based research is needed to determine the efficacy of a national call center approach.     

单亲家庭青少年成长困境的社会工作介入初探

青少年成长话题已引起人们越来越多的关注和讨论。但是,针对单亲家庭青少年、尤其是单亲家庭青少年成长困境开展的研究稍显不够,从社会工作专业层面对这一主题进行的研究更是几近空白。本研究着重从社会工作视角分析单亲家庭青少年成长困境,建构社会工作介入单亲家庭青少年成长困境解决的模型,并探讨社会工作解决单亲家庭青少年成长困境的路径,以期通过这种努力,引导单亲家庭青少年理性应对困境,促进其健康成长。     

未成年人犯罪记录有条件消灭制度实证调研报告——以上海地区为范本

未成年人犯罪记录有条件消灭制度是我国少年司法的重要组成部分,在中国司法体制下出现了从无到有的试点改革。目前,随着刑法修正案八（草案）的出台,我国立法的摩擦正在消除,契合国际少年司法的发展趋势。通过上海地区对罪错未成年人的抽样研究和各地实践改革的成果对比,论证建立该制度的必要性和可行性,通过对启动、审查、考察、回转、制度衔接等优化模式的探索,构建我国未成年人犯罪记录有条件消灭的规范程序。