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501.
Forensic Analysis Reveals Acute Decompensation of Chronic Heart Failure in a 3500‐Year‐Old Egyptian Dignitary
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Raffaella Bianucci Ph.D. Robert D. Loynes M.B.E. Ph.D. M. Linda Sutherland M.D. Rudy Lallo M.D. Gemma L. Kay Ph.D. Philippe Froesch Dipl.‐Ing Mark J. Pallen M.D. Philippe Charlier M.D. Andreas G. Nerlich M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(5):1378-1381
Naturally preserved and embalmed bodies from archeological contexts represent a powerful source of information for forensic investigators. They allow one to ascertain pathology, cause of death, to enhance diagnostic methodology, and to improve the analysis of altered remains. We investigated the complete head and lung remnants of a 3,500‐year‐old Egyptian dignitary by radiological, microscopic, and genetic approaches. The individual, a middle‐aged male, suffered from severe periodontitis, mild atherosclerosis, and experienced cardiogenic pulmonary insufficiency with recurrent mini‐bleeds and pulmonary edema. Histology and ancient DNA analyses excluded the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or of any other pathogenic species. Based on our collection of evidence, we propose that acute decompensation complicating chronic cardiac insufficiency was the likely cause of death. The underlying causes for this failure remain unknown although chronic hypertension appears to be the most likely candidate. Our finding represents the earliest reported case of chronic heart failure in ancient mummies. 相似文献
502.
Joanne Belknap’s recent ASC presidential address included a critique of Convict Criminology’s activism. A number of concerns were provided, although of particular importance here are, first, Belknap’s concerns regarding the absence of ‘marginalized voices’ in the Convict Criminology network. Second, the issue of defining how non-con academics function as Convict Criminology group members. This paper responds to these criticisms. Specifically, we discuss the question of ‘representation’ in BCC and our attempts to remedy this issue. We also draw attention to the academic activism that British Convict Criminology is conducting in Europe. This includes a detailed discussion of the collaborative research-activist activities that involve non-con as well as ex-con academic network members. We demonstrate how these collaborations explain the vital group membership role that non-con academics assume in the activism of Convict Criminology. 相似文献
503.
We discuss and respond to the contributions of Tatjana Hörnle, John Kleinig, and John Stanton-Ife, and clarify some aspects of the arguments made in Crimes, Harms, and Wrongs. 相似文献
504.
We locate Arendt’s and Shklar’s writings within what Katznelson has identified as an attempt to create a new language for politics after the cataclysm of the twentieth century, and Greif has called the new ‘maieutic’ discourse of ‘re-enlightenment’ in the ‘age of the crisis of man’. More specifically, we compare and contrast two related, but in many ways also differing, ways of thinking about totalitarianism and its legal repercussions. To this end, we examine two sets of studies: Arendt’s The origins of totalitarianism and Eichmann in Jerusalem: A report on the banality of evil and Shklar’s After utopia: The decline of political faith and Legalism: An essay on law, morals, and politics. While The origins of totalitarianism and After utopia discussed totalitarian ideology and its consequences for modern political thought, the Eichmann report and Legalism dealt with the question of whether and how justice is possible after the extreme experience of totalitarianism. We argue that the maieutic impulse led Arendt and Shklar to find distinct routes to address a common concern. Our paper ends with a discussion of some of the surplus meaning that was generated by the different maieutic performances of the two thinkers. 相似文献
505.
Thali MJ Kneubuehl BP Bolliger SA Christe A Koenigsdorfer U Ozdoba C Spielvogel E Dirnhofer R 《Forensic science international》2007,172(1):63-66
The most popular handgun in Brazil is the single round-barrel caliber 0.38 revolver. In recent years, however, owing to the modernization of police arms and their availability on the legal and illicit markets, pistols have become increasingly popular and currently represent about 20% of police seizures. In a previous paper we presented a novel collection method for gunshot residues (GSR) using a sampling procedure based on ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution as a complexing agent on moistened swabs with subsequent detection using sector field-high resolution-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SF-HR-ICP-MS). In the present paper, we discuss the capability of this methodology to identify antimony (Sb), barium (Ba) and lead (Pb) on the hands of volunteers after shot tests with 9 mm and 0.40 in. caliber pistols. Two types of munitions were tested: 9 mm Taurus and clean range. The use of a technique with high sensitivity, such as SF-HR-ICP-MS, permits the identification of low concentrations (less than 1 microg/L) of metals in firearm residue and constitutes a powerful tool in forensic science. We also discuss the importance of the sampling procedure, including collection from a different body part than the gun hand of the suspect. Comparison of the analytical data obtained allows clear discrimination between samples from the hands of shooters and non-shooters. 相似文献
506.
In forensic casework it is highly relevant to be able to deduce the species origin of an unknown biological sample. For such a purpose we have designed and developed an assay for species identification based on DNA sequencing of two short mitochondrial DNA amplicons. In short, partial 12S rRNA and partial 16S rRNA fragments (approximately 100bp) are amplified by PCR followed by direct sequencing using pyrosequencing technique. Due to properties of the chosen targets, the same PCR conditions and primers were used irrespective of the true species of an unknown sample. A total of 28 different mammals present in the European fauna were sequenced both for the partial 12S rRNA and the partial 16S rRNA sequences for accuracy verification. Together the two sequences showed to have a high divergence factor, discriminating almost all mammals. Furthermore, the human reference nucleotide sequences were always at least nine nucleotides different compared to the other sequenced species both at the partial 12S rRNA and the partial 16S rRNA sequences. 相似文献
507.
Buck U Naether S Braun M Bolliger S Friederich H Jackowski C Aghayev E Christe A Vock P Dirnhofer R Thali MJ 《Forensic science international》2007,170(1):20-28
The examination of traffic accidents is daily routine in forensic medicine. An important question in the analysis of the victims of traffic accidents, for example in collisions between motor vehicles and pedestrians or cyclists, is the situation of the impact. Apart from forensic medical examinations (external examination and autopsy), three-dimensional technologies and methods are gaining importance in forensic investigations. Besides the post-mortem multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the documentation and analysis of internal findings, highly precise 3D surface scanning is employed for the documentation of the external body findings and of injury-inflicting instruments. The correlation of injuries of the body to the injury-inflicting object and the accident mechanism are of great importance. The applied methods include documentation of the external and internal body and the involved vehicles and inflicting tools as well as the analysis of the acquired data. The body surface and the accident vehicles with their damages were digitized by 3D surface scanning. For the internal findings of the body, post-mortem MSCT and MRI were used. The analysis included the processing of the obtained data to 3D models, determination of the driving direction of the vehicle, correlation of injuries to the vehicle damages, geometric determination of the impact situation and evaluation of further findings of the accident. In the following article, the benefits of the 3D documentation and computer-assisted, drawn-to-scale 3D comparisons of the relevant injuries with the damages to the vehicle in the analysis of the course of accidents, especially with regard to the impact situation, are shown on two examined cases. 相似文献
508.
The term "death in abnormal body position" refers to deaths caused by a position-induced impairment of the vital functions of respiration and circulation. In the described case from the autopsy material of the Berlin Institute of Legal Medicine (CCM), the 82-year-old woman died in a folded up fold-away bed in a fixed head-down position. Death was caused by the combined effect of neck compression, traumatic asphyxia and head-down position. 相似文献
509.
Eine im Geltungsbereich des MRG erfolgte einseitige gesetzliche Erh?hung des vor Inkrafttreten des MRG zul?ssig frei vereinbarten
Hauptmietzinses ist nicht dem Fall gleichzuhalten, dass die Wertsicherungsvereinbarung auf den ursprünglich zul?ssig frei
vereinbarten Hauptmietzins anzuwenden ist. Vielmehr liegt im Fall einer einseitigen gesetzlichen Erh?hung des Hauptmietzinses
(hier aufgrund des Vorliegens des Tatbestandes des § 12 a Abs 3 MRG) eben keine auf ihre Angemessenheit nicht überprüfbare
Vereinbarung in einem vor dem 1. 1. 1982 geschlossenen "Altvertrag" vor. Die "Kombination" dahin, dass der im Geltungsbereich
des MRG gesetzlich erh?hte nunmehrige angemessene Hauptmietzins aufgrund der ursprünglichen Wertsicherungsvereinbarung unüberprüfbar
erh?ht werden kann, also ein überschreiten der Angemessenheitsgrenze des § 16 Abs 1 MRG durch die Anwendung der alten Wertsicherungsvereinbarung
nicht geltend gemacht werden kann, würde zu einem unbilligen Ergebnis führen. 相似文献
510.
Das auf § 364 Abs 2 ABGB gestützte Unterlassungsbegehren ist kein Handlungs- sondern ein "Erfolgsverbot": Der Verpflichtete
hat dafür zu sorgen, dass sein Nachbar nicht durch Immissionen beeintr?chtigt wird; die Art, wie dies zu geschehen hat, bleibt
dem Verpflichteten überlassen. Soweit das Begehren auf sichernde Vorkehrungen gerichtet ist, darf keine bestimmte Einrichtung
verlangt werden; die Auswahl der Schutzma?nahmen muss vielmehr dem Bekl überlassen bleiben. Ein dennoch auf bestimmte Vorkehrungen
– und sei es auch in Form der Unterlassung der Fortführung eines Betriebs – zielendes Begehren stellt gegenüber dem Begehren
auf Unterlassung von Emissionen ein aliud dar, dessen Stattgebung die Bestimmung des § 405 ZPO entgegensteht. Der Standpunkt,
die im verwaltungsbeh?rdlichen Verfahren vorgenommene Prüfung und Beurteilung von L?rmimmissionen schlie?e die abermalige
Entscheidung derselben Frage durch die Gerichte aus, bedürfte einer eingehenden Prüfung. Gleiches gilt für das Argument, dass
es Sache des ?ffentlichen Rechtes sei, festzulegen, in welcher Weise es auf die Interessen des Betroffenen Rücksicht nehme.
Eine im Einzelfall gegebene unzureichende Ausgestaltung des beh?rdlichen Verfahrens im Hinblick auf den Rechtsschutz der Nachbarn
kann verschiedenste rechtliche Konsequenzen haben, muss aber nicht zwangsl?ufig zum Ergebnis führen, dass jeder einzelne Nachbar
das Ergebnis des Verwaltungsverfahrens durch die Geltendmachung eines Unterlassungsanspruchs in Frage stellen kann. 相似文献