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31.
Measurements of the torgue to overcome rigor mortis on the legs of 101 male human cadavers at 5 degrees C are reported. There seems to exist an upper limit, which is dependent on the lay-time, above which no value occurs, but below which every value may be found. By calculating the 90% tolerance limits for lay-times grouped at 12-hourly intervals, this upper limit was found to decrease exponentially with lay-time. This may be used for the estimation of maximum lay-times from rigor mortis measurements. 相似文献
32.
Cerebral hemorrhages are rare complications that occur after the consumption of amphetamine; the mortality rate is estimated at 50 %. It is assumed that cerebral hemorrhages are caused by amphetamine-induced hypertensive crises coinciding with pre-existing vascular alterations (congenital vascular malformations, vasculitis). In the present case report, a 40-year-old man, who is said to have regularly consumed hashish, heroin and speed, died of a massive cerebral hemorrhage located in the region of the basal ganglia shortly after the intravenous administration of amphetamine and heroin. In the course of the post-mortem investigation, neither vascular malformations nor vasculitis could be detected in the brain. Even if the evidence for the existence of such alterations was missing, this does not exclude their presence for certain. Other potential amphetamine-induced vascular alterations are discussed. 相似文献
33.
The mathematical concept previously introduced for the forensic interpretation of DNA mixtures using non-associated genetic markers has been adapted to the assessment of haplotypes. Such calculus is required, for example, when Y-chromosomal markers are used in forensics. In addition to outlining the general mathematical framework, we devise two approaches to its practical computational implementation, involving either the inclusion-exclusion principle of probability theory or a recursion in the number of unknown contributors invoked. The two approaches scale differently, depending upon the complexity of the case and the diversity of the markers used. The performance of Y-chromosomal microsatellites (Y-STRs) as a means of trace donor discrimination has been assessed by simulation, using the derived formulas. Based upon data from the Y-chromosomal Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD), the exclusion chance of a non-contributor is shown to vary between 95% in the case of two contributors, and 70% for five contributors. With only one additional contributor, half of all contributing suspects would yield a log-likelihood ratio in favour of donorship of 1.61 or higher, although the median drops to 0.66 with four additional contributors. It must be emphasised that these estimates of the discriminatory power of Y-STRs are likely to be conservative since the simulations involved only haplotypes known to occur in YHRD. 相似文献
34.
The eruption and mineralization of third molars are the main criteria for dental age estimation of living people involved in criminal proceedings. Since the development of third molars is usually completed by the age of 19 or 20 years, this feature cannot be used to ascertain whether a person has attained the forensically relevant age of 21 years. This study examined whether the DMFT index or the third molar DFT index could supply reliable information enabling conclusions to be drawn about whether a person has reached the age of 21. To this end, 650 conventional orthopantomograms of German subjects aged 18 to 30 years were evaluated. The DMF index variations considered were found to be unsuitable for determining whether a person is over 21 because they displayed a weak correlation with age and considerable individual scatter. A high indicative value can only be attributed to a third molar DFT index of 4, although this is rarely observed in the relevant age group. An X-ray examination of the medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilage is, therefore, strongly recommended when assessing whether a person has attained 21 years of age. 相似文献
35.
Hill A Briken P Kraus C Strohm K Berner W 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2003,47(4):407-421
This article gives an overview of current pharmacological treatment of paraphilias and sex offenders focusing on the situation in Germany. Information about selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) is followed by data about established antihormonal substances (cyproterone acetate/CPA, and medroxyprogesterone acetate/MPA), as well as a more detailed account on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (LHRH agonists). The results of open, uncontrolled clinical studies with SSRIs (n = 16) and LHRH agonists (n = 11) in paraphilic outpatients confirm the positive effects of these substances. A survey about the use of CPA and LHRH agonists in forensic hospitals in Germany shows that half of the patients treated with any kind of (anti-) hormonal agents received an LHRH agonist. The authors present a protocol on side effects, contraindications, and monitoring of CPA and LHRH agonists and develop an algorithm for differential pharmacotherapy of paraphilias. 相似文献
36.
In this report, three cases of suicide by an electric power drill are described. In the first case, a man aged 51 was found with four penetrating wounds of the head and chest. The second case involves a 56-year-old man who suffered a penetrating craniocerebral injury and the third case involves a 53-year-old man who suffered one head injury and two chest injuries. In the first two cases, the victims were found dead. In the third case, the victim survived his injuries for 28 hours. The case histories and the post-mortem examinations revealed no evidence of homicide. 相似文献
37.
Andreas Schloenhardt 《Crime, Law and Social Change》1999,32(3):203-233
The trafficking of migrants around the world hasbecome a multi-billion-dollar business for criminalorganisations. Over the last ten years, thousands ofmigrants have been moved illegally acrossinternational borders with the assistance ofprofessional trafficking organisations.The increasing number of people forced or willing tomove abroad as well as the restrictions placed onlegitimate migration systems have translated intoorganized crime. Around the world, traffickingorganisations have learned to take advantage of thisstructural inequality, creating sophisticated channelsof illegal migration while exploiting those forced orwilling to migrate.This article seeks to examine traffickingorganisations in light of the most recent theories andinterpretations of organized crime, that is theeconomic analysis of transnational criminalorganisations. With respect to the elaboration offuture countermeasures on national, regional andinternational levels, the aim of this article is toidentify more precisely the major organisational andoperational features of the migrant traffickingbusiness.The article begins with an introductory discussion ofthe economic approach to organized crime in part 1.Part 2 analyses the illegal market in which criminalorganisations, in particular traffickers, operate.This provides the working basis for the examination ofthe migrant trafficking organisation in part 3 of thearticle. 相似文献
38.
Werner Ogris Johannes Zollner Andreas Riedler Christoph Bezemek Manfred Vogel Georg Kodek Bernhard Großfeld 《Juristische Bl?tter》2008,130(9):608-612
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
39.
Andreas Vonkilch 《Juristische Bl?tter》2008,130(2):102-105
Beim mittelbaren Finanzierungsleasing ist der Vertreter einer Verk?uferfirma (= Lieferantin des Leasinggutes), der auch Vertragsformulare
der Leasingfirma mit sich führt, auch Mann ihres Vertrauens im Hinblick auf die richtige übermittlung der Anbot- und Annahmeerkl?rungen
den Leasingvertrag betreffend. Zur Gew?hrleistung und dem (Nicht-)Bestehen eines Einwendungsdurchgriffs beim mittelbaren Finanzierungsleasing. 相似文献
40.
Prof. Dr. Edmund Brandt Andreas Heck Dr. Claudia Bieling Prof. Dr. Werner Konold Dr. Franz Höchtl 《Natur und Recht》2008,30(10):673-684
Zusammenfassung Viele l?ndliche Regionen sind mit einer Ausdehnung der Waldfl?chen konfrontiert. Dies wird
vor allem dann als problematisch empfunden, wenn die betroffenen R?ume bereits waldreich sind. Zur
Steuerung der Waldzunahmedynamik bieten sich verschiedene rechtliche Instrumente an, deren Potenziale derzeit
nicht voll ausgesch?pft werden. Weiterentwicklungsm?glichkeiten bestehen insbesondere im Hinblick
auf die Normen zur Aufforstungsgenehmigung. Hier ist ein grunds?tzlicher normativer Paradigmenwechsel
denkbar. Neureglungen k?nnten aber auch über die Einrichtung einer Experimentiergesetzgebung
zun?chst beispielhaft erprobt werden. Der Beitrag entwickelt zudem einen Leitfaden für die Beurteilung
einer “erheblichen Beeintr?chtigung des Landschaftsbilds”, einem bisher nicht ausreichend
konkretisierten Versagungsgrund für eine Aufforstungsgenehmigung. 相似文献