Neither Seen Nor Heard: Children's Citizenship in Contemporary Democracies*

This article addresses the subject of children's citizenship in liberal democracies. While children may lack full capability to act in the capacity of citizens, the political status to which they have been relegated leaves much to be desired. Paternalist policies dictate that children be represented politically by their parents, leaving them as or more vulnerable and excluded from private life as women were under coverture. Lacking independent representation or a voice in politics, children and their interests often fail to be understood because the adults who do represent them conflate, or substitute, their own views for those of children. Compounding this damage is the tendency for democratic societies to view children not as an ever-present segment of the populace, but rather as future adults. This encourages disregard for children's interests. Until democratic societies establish a better-defined and comprehensive citizenship for children, along with methods for representation that are sensitive to the special political circumstances faced by children, young people will remain ill-governed and neglected by democratic politics.     

From Heroes to Whingers: Changing Attitudes to British Migrants, 1947 to 1977

Shifts in attitudes towards British migrants from the late 1940s to the late 1970s chart the development of a non-British Australia. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, British migrants were accorded a special prestige based on a belief that Australia and Britain had fought to defend shared imperial British values. Although British migrants protested at hostel conditions, public sympathy remained on the side of the migrants. The rise of the Whingeing Pom stereotype around 1960 reflects the declining weight of British wartime experience and a strengthening of the idea of an independent non-British Australia. The 1970s saw the ending of British preference, and the debate surrounding British activism in Australian trades unions raised the question of whether British migrants were now merely an ethnic group within a multicultural Australia.     

Reading Downs: New Labour and An Economic Theory of Democracy

In Downs' median voter theorem parties can only increase their vote by changing their policies and moving towards the electoral centre ground. This theorem has been used to sustain a particular and, I will argue, one-sided interpretation of New Labour's actions and political trajectory. There is more to An Economic Theory of Democracy than the median voter theorem. Downs argues that voters and parties operate in conditions of uncertainty and that this gives parties the opportunity to persuade voters to revise their beliefs. Parties can win elections not only by changing their policies but by changing voters' minds. Downs' arguments about persuasion can be used to generate an alternative and very different interpretation of New Labour.     

Do generic gTLDs require their own ex ante regulation?

This article reviews ICANN's treatment of applications to create new Top Level Domains based on generic terms (e.g. .book, .motorcycles), reserved for exclusive use by the applicant. It finds little evidence in past domain name history that such registrations represented a risk to competition. Had applicants made abusive use of their domains then existing law would have provided appropriate remedies in any case. Theory suggests that such a novel market was unsuitable for prospective regulatory action and that, by converting potential monopolies into potential cartels, ICANN's action may even have made the competition risk worse.     

The work of the economic commission for Asia and the far east of the United Nations

Central Asia

To the Great Ocean. The Taming of Siberia and the Building of the Trans‐Siberian Railway. By Harmon Tupper. London, Seeker and Warburg, 1965. Pp. xv+ 536. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 55s.

Afghanistan. Highway of Conquest. By Arnold Fletcher. Cornell University Press, 1965. Pp. 325. Illus. Bibliog. Index. $7.50.

South and South East Asia

The Security of Southern Asia. By D. E. Kennedy. London, Chatto and Windus, for the Institute for Strategic Studies, 1965. Pp. xi + 308. Maps. Index. 35s.

The Glass Curtain between Asia and Europe. Ed. by Raghavan Iyer. London, Oxford University Press, 1965. Pp. xii + 356. Bibliog. 52s.

South and East Asia since 1800. By Victor Purcell. Cambridge University Press, 1965. Pp. 228. Maps. Index. 25s.

Asian Economic Development. Ed. by Cranley Onslow. London, Wiedenfeld and Nicolson, 1965. Pp. xi + 243. Index. 36s.

The Story of Malaysia. By Harry Miller. London, Faber, 1965. Pp. 264. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 30s.

Communalism and the Political Process in Malaya. By K. J. Ratnam. London, Oxford University Press, 1965. Pp. 248. Sketch map. Bibliog. Index. 48s.

The Development of British Malaya 1896–1909. By Chai Hon‐Chan. London, Oxford University Press, 1964. Pp. 364. Maps. Bibliog. Index. Cloth 50s. Paper 33s.

Indonesia. By Leslie Palmier. London, Thames and Hudson, 1965. Pp. 240. Maps. Illus. 30s.

Mohammed, Marx and Marhaen. The Roots of Indonesian Socialism. By Jeanne S. Mintz. London, Pall Mall Press, 1965. Pp. 224. Bibliog. Index. 36s.

Communism in North Vietnam. By P. J. Honey. London, Ampersand Books, 1965. Pp. 206. 7s. 6d.

South West Asia

The Arab Cold War 1958–1964. A Study of Ideology in Politics. By Malcolm Kerr. Published for Chatham House by Oxford University Press, 1965. Pp. 139. 10s. 6d.

The Struggle for Syria. A Study of Post‐war Arab Politics 1945–1958. By Patrick Seale. London, Oxford University Press for Chatham House, 1965. Pp. 344. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 42s.

Revolutions and Military Rule in the Middle East. The Northern Tier. By George M. Haddad. New York, Robert Speller and Sons, Publishers, Inc., 1965. Pp. 251. Illus. Bibliog. Index. $6.00.

The Economic Development of Kuwait. Report of Missions organized by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development at the request of the Government of Kuwait. London, Oxford University Press, 1965. Pp. xiii+ 194. Maps. Index. 52s.

Far east

China in Crisis. By Sven Lindqvist. Trans, by Sylvia Clayton. London, Faber, 1965. Pp. 125. lllus. 25s.

China and the Bomb. By Morton H. Halperin. London, Pall Mall Press, 1965. Pp. 166. Index. 30s.

The Communist States at the Crossroads between Moscow and Peking. Edited by Adam Bromke. With an Introduction by Philip E. Mosely. London and New York, Praeger, 1965. Pp. 270. Index. Cloth 45s. Paperback 16s.

Chinese Civilization and Bureaucracy. By Etienne Balazs. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1964. Pp. xix + 309. Chronology. Index. 63s.

Report from a Chinese Village. By Jan Myrdal. New York, Pantheon Books; a Division of Random House, 1965. Pp. 374. Illus. $6.95.

Biography and Autobiography

High Noon of Empire. India under Curzon. By Michael Edwardes. London, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1965. Pp. 266. Map. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 35s.

A Roll of Honour: The Story of the Indian Army 1939–45. By Major‐General J. G. Elliott. London, Cassell, 1965. Pp. 392. Maps. Illus. 36s.

The Memoirs of a Malayan Official. By Victor Purcell. London, Cassell, 1965. Pp. 373. Map. Illus. Index. 42s.

One More River. By Gordon Hunt. London, Collins, 1965. Pp. 255. Illus. 25s.

Lady Wu. By Lin Yutang. New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1965. Pp. 255. $4.95.

Culture and civilization

Islam and International Relations. Edited by J. Harris Proctor. London, Pall Mall Press, 1965. Pp. 221. 42s.

Islamic Art. By David Talbot Rice. London, Thames and Hudson, 1965. Pp. 286. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 18s.

The Fortified Cities of India. By Sidney Toy. London, Heinemann, 1965. Pp. 118. Maps. Illus. Index. 50s.

Indian Pandits in the Land of Snow. By Sarat Chandra Das, Calcutta, 1893. Reprinted, with Introduction by Nirmal Chandra Sinha, by Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay, Calcutta, 1965. Pp. xii + 134. Rs. 10.

History

The Course of Empire. The Arabs and their Successors. By. Lt.‐General Sir John Glubb. London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1965. Pp. 424. Maps. Index. 42s.

Centralised Legislation. A History of the Legislative System of British India from 1834 to 1861. By S. V. Desika Char. London, Asia Publishing House, 1963. Pp. xv + 359. Bibliog. Index. 45s.

The Agrarian System of Mughal India. By Irfan Habib. London, Asia Publishing House, 1963. Published for the Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University. Pp. ix + 453. Appendices. Bibliog. Index. 50s.

Agrarian Relations and Early British Rule in India. A Case Study of the Ceded and Conquered Provinces (Uttar Pradesh), 1801–1833. By Sulekh Chandra Gupta. Asia Publishing House, London, 1963. Pp. xix + 338. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. 45s.

Nepal and the East India Company. By B. D. Sanwal. Asia Publishing House, London, 1965. Pp. viii + 345. Maps. Appendices. Index. 45s.

The Kol Insurrection of Chota‐Nagpur. By J. C. Jha. Thacker, Spink and Co. (1933) Private Ltd., Calcutta, 1964. Pp. x + 242. Bibliog. Glossary, Index. Maps. Rs. 14.

Travel

The Georgeous East. One Man's India. By Rupert Croft‐Cooke. London, W. H. Allen, 1965. Pp. 195. 25s.

World in a Grain of Sand. By Erica Linton. London, Anthony Blond, 1965. Pp. 191. 21s.

Persia Revisited. By Anne Sinclair Mehdevi. London, Michael Joseph, 1965. Pp. 173. 25s.

Persian Lions, Persian Lambs. By Curtis Harnack. London, Victor Gollancz, 1965. Pp.279. 3os.

The Great Chinese Travellers. Edited by Jeanette Mirsky. London, Allen and Unwin, 1965. Pp. 309. 30s.