Date-rape-supporting and victim-blaming attitudes among high school students in a multiethnic society: Israel

This study examined the extent to which a multiethnic sample of 900 Israeli high school students supported date-rape and victim-blaming attitudes and the predictors of such support. Findings indicate wide support for stereotypes justifying sexual coercion by time and the location of the date, the victim's behavior, and the minimization of the seriousness of date rape. A regression analysis indicates that students' gender and age are the strongest predictors of rape-tolerant and victim-blaming attitudes. Socioeconomic status and religious orientation explain a small proportion of the variance in the support of such attitudes. By contrast, no significant relationship is indicated with ethnicity. Alternative sex-education and rape-prevention programs must address date-rape and victim-blaming attitudes and make students of both genders aware of various factors that continue to be misread as an invitation to have sex and put them at high risk of experiencing sexual coercion on a date.     

Neue Konstruktionstypen für Offshore-Windenergieanlagen im Genehmigungsverfahren nach der SeeAnlV

Das Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH) prüft im Genehmigungsverfahren für Offshore-Windparks auf Grundlage der Antragsunterlagen die möglichen Auswirkungen, die das Vorhaben insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Seeschifffahrt und die Meeresumwelt haben kann. Die Konstruktion der Anlagen wird regelmäßig in einem gesonderten Zertifizierungsverfahren begutachtet (vgl. § 5 Abs. 2 SeeAnlV). In den bisher vorliegenden Genehmigungen ² hat das BSH als Genehmigungsbehörde lediglich abstrakt festgelegt, dass die Konstruktion und Ausstattung der Anlagen dem Stand der Technik entsprechen und die der Gründung dienenden Bauwerke von einer anerkannten Stelle zertifiziert sein müssen. Entsprechende Nachweise seien rechtzeitig vor Baubeginn vorzulegen. Diese Genehmigungspraxis des BSH begegnet im Hinblick auf neue Konstruktionstypen rechtlichen Bedenken. Aus der Genehmigung können über Nebenbestimmungen nur solche Details ausgeklammert werden, von denen die Erfüllung der Genehmigungsvoraussetzungen der SeeAnlV nicht abhängen kann. 1) Die Autoren sind Rechtsanwälte des Berliner Anwaltsbüros Gaßner, Groth, Siederer & Coll.2) Genehmigung des Offshore-Windparks Borkum-West vom 9. 11. 2001, des Offshore-Bürger-Windparks Butendiek vom 18. 12. 2002 sowie des Offshore-Windenergieparks Nordsee-Ost vom 9. 6. 2004.     

Reciprocity,agreement, and family style in family systems with a disturbed and nondisturbed adolescent

Doane's recent review of interaction studies of families with disturbed and nondisturbed adolescents enumerated a number of conclusions concerning relationships and family functioning in families with a disturbed adolescent. The present study used a questionnaire approach to test hypotheses based on these conclusions, hypotheses which were largely supported in the analyses. When a disturbed adolescent was involved, families evidenced less reciprocity of needs, had greater disagreement about parents' needs, greater disagreement about family-related issues, more marital dysfunction, more rigidity and less clarity about expectations, and less satisfaction and more anxiety on the part of the adolescents. That families with a disturbed adolescent were discriminably different from families without a disturbed adolescent is supportive of a family systems perspective to family functioning. Speculations of a causal nature are offered, with suggestions that future research be designed to take advantage of causal analysis procedures.NIMH Predoctoral Research Fellowship 7F01 MH 3253502 provided partial support for this research.Received her Ph.D. in social personality psychology from the University of Colorado. Current research interests include the transition to adulthood, friendship and sex-role development in adolescence.