排序方式: 共有47条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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R Vock W Trauth H Althoff P Betz W Bonte I Gerling M Graw K Hartge R Hilgermann E H?hmann H Kampmann W J Kleemann M Kleiber M Kr?mer E Lange G Lasczkowski H Leukel E Lignitz B Madea D Metter I Pedal S Pollak M Ramms M Scheller J Wilske 《Archiv für Kriminologie》1999,203(3-4):73-85
No reliable data are available on cases of lethal child abuse (by active force) in the area of Federal Republic of Germany prior to reunification (the former West Germany). In a multicenter study we therefore examined the police and court records for such cases occurring in the period 1 January 1985 to 2 October 1990 in nearly the entire area of Federal Republic of Germany. RESULTS: The study center received information on 58 cases of lethal child abuse. Extrapolated to all institutes of legal medicine, this corresponds to 62 cases in all of West Germany in the period studied. An approximately equal number of unreported cases should be added to this figure. Including unreported cases, at least 20 cases of lethal child abuse occurred per year; thus only one in every two cases ever came to light. Almost two thirds of the victims were younger than one year old. At autopsy 59% exhibited signs of repeated abuse at autopsy. By far the most common cause of death was direct impact from a blunt object, usually to the head. Mostly, the male person to whom the victim relates most closely (father, stepfather, partner of the mother) has killed the child. Twenty-one of the 74 persons charged saw the charges against them dropped or were acquitted due to lack of evidence; 51 received sentences ranging from one year probation to life. In the remaining two cases the outcome of the trial was unknown. Signs of abuse were readily apparent at autopsy in almost all cases. The high number of unreported cases underscores the need to educate medical students and practicing physicians to be on the look-out for signs of abuse and argues for an increase in the rate of autopsy. 相似文献
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Matthew Lange Hrag Balian 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2008,43(3-4):314-333
Several scholars argue that state infrastructural power affects the likelihood of civil violence yet make competing claims. Some propose that states with high levels of infrastructural power instigate violence by reducing local autonomy, while others suggest infrastructural power endows states with the capacity to contain civil violence. We test these claims using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Through a pooled time-series analysis of 32 former British colonies, we find that infrastructural power is not significantly related to civil violence, suggesting either that infrastructural power has no effect or no net effect. Then, through case studies of Burma and Botswana, we investigate the impact of infrastructural power on civil violence, focusing on mechanisms and causal conditions. The case studies provide evidence that infrastructural power produces competing mechanisms that negate any net effect and that different conditions and policies affect whether a state’s level of infrastructural power contains conflict or instigates unrest. 相似文献
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Andrea Lange 《Trends in Organized Crime》2011,14(1):47-55
Human trafficking is a complex global and national crime problem harming victims physically, psychologically, and financially.
The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA), Pub. La 106–386, and subsequent reauthorizations, provide assistance
and benefits to foreign born victims of labor or sexual human trafficking who are here in the United States. The strategies
used to encourage victims to come forward were modeled on those used in the anti- domestic violence (DV) and child protection
movements. These include initiatives alerting the public to domestic violence situations through awareness campaigns to increase
tips as well as calls for service to police. Other public service initiatives urge victims themselves to self-identify by
calling 1-800 numbers. While these techniques have shown success in reducing incidences of domestic violence and providing
help to victims, their use to combat sex trafficking has not produced the same level of results. This note explores the challenges
for immigrant women victims to self-identify as trafficking victims and urges that evidence-based research is needed to determine
the efficacy of a national call center approach. 相似文献
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Siri Lange 《发展研究杂志》2013,49(8):1122-1144
Local democracy and the involvement of local communities in the provision of social services are central issues in the local government reforms that are presently being implemented in many developing countries. At the same time, institutions that run parallel to local authorities, such as social funds and various user-committees, are established to improve accountability and participation. By focusing on actual political processes rather than administrative, legal and fiscal aspects of decentralisation, this article traces the breakdown of two development projects in Tanzania to the existence of parallel structures. It suggests that user-committees and social funds should be integrated in local authority structures to avoid fragmentation of participation and to enhance local democracy. 相似文献
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P H van Eede L Henke R Fimmers J Henke G G de Lange 《Forensic science international》1991,49(1):21-31
Restriction fragment-length polymorphism of locus D2S44 detected by the highly polymorphic probe YNH24 and restriction endonuclease HaeIII can be used to improve parentage testing when representative fragment-size frequencies can be obtained. By joining the results of different laboratories, it is possible to set up a meaningful databank. Therefore, the same randomly chosen samples were tested for the HaeIII RFLP detected by probe YNH24 in Düsseldorf (DUS) and Amsterdam (AMS). The results of the different fragment-size calculations obtained by using internal markers and a computerized system (DUS-cad and AMS-cad), and by using external markers and manual calculations (DUS-man), were analyzed. Comparing these results, no statistically significant differences were seen. The results obtained with probe YNH24 and enzyme HaeIII in Düsseldorf and Amsterdam can be used to attain a sufficient number of samples to generate relevant fragment-size frequencies. 相似文献
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