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841.
Anne Mette Kjær 《公共行政管理与发展》2009,29(3):228-238
Local government extractive capacity, as measured by the amount of graduated personal tax (GPT) collected relative to district wealth and population and, more qualitatively, as reflected in the nature of enforcement, varies considerably in Uganda. This article explores the reasons for this variation, first by investigating aggregate data at the cross‐district level, using data on taxation as well as survey data from the Afrobarometer, second, by a focussed comparison of two districts, one with high‐ and one with low‐extractive capacity. I find that generalised trust can explains some of the variation in extractive capacity across districts. The case studies trace the differences in trust and extractive capacity back to pre‐colonial rule; the better performing district having had centralised rule, a tradition of tax‐payment and a higher degree of social cohesion, while the poorer performing district had a more fragmented and less cohesive history of governance. The article thus points to the importance of understanding institutional path dependencies when assessing the feasibility of reform. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
842.
The European Council today is the only institution which has the potential and the possibility to lead the EU out of its current “valley of uncertainty”. Under the leadership of a new generation of heads of state, the conclusion of a European package deal may be expected from 2007 onwards, containing three central elements: 1. a “Europe of projects”, identifying policies and projects of common interest, 2. the “flexibilisation” of the EU in order to facilitate European politics among the member states and 3. institutional or constitutional reforms of the European polity, for which the constitutional treaty will remain the single most important point of reference. However, no simple, “optimal” road for the future development of the EU may be anticipated. 相似文献
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Ashley E. Owen Martie P. Thompson Anne Shaffer Emily B. Jackson Nadine J. Kaslow 《Journal of family violence》2009,24(7):433-445
This study examined the mediating roles of several family variables in the relation between IPV witnessing and children’s
emotional and behavioral problems among 129 low-income, African American children ages 8 to 12. According to the mediational
model tested, experiencing or witnessing IPV negatively impacted the following family variables: maternal psychopathology,
family cohesion, and relatedness quality, which were subsequently associated with diminished child adjustment. These findings
were stronger when child reports were considered and when the outcome variable was internalizing problems. Findings from this
study support the value of targeting these variables in the development of culturally appropriate child witness interventions
for low-income African American families. Recommendations for future interventions based on study conclusions are offered. 相似文献
847.
A substantial literature shows that ideology, often describable on a conservative-liberal spectrum, is a significant independent variable influencing the formulation of public policy. The 1960s–1990s are frequently depicted as decades of ideological tumult. However, analysis of the editorials of major publications shows that substantial agreement existed on public policy directions for business and the economy throughout most of these years. Furthermore, in some policy areas initial dissensus was followed by significant movement toward consensus. A theory presented here based on the concepts of successful market operation, market misbehavior, and market breakdown explains in large part the reasons for this long term policy consensus as well as movement from dissensus to consensus. 相似文献
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