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241.
Ross A. Thompson Mario J. Scalora Susan P. Limber Lynn Castrianno 《Family Court Review》1991,29(1):9-25
In recent years, legislators in all fifty states have given grandparents rights to petition for visitation privileges with grandchildren that can be enforced over parental objections. Grandparent visitation rights reflect an effort to protect meaningful relationships children enjoy with nonparental caregivers, enlist the assistance of extended family when the child's nuclear family is disrupted, and defend the interests of grandparents themselves. This psycholegal analysis explores the direct and indirect consequences of grandparent visitation statutes for family functioning. Statutory provisions are summarized, and the effects of these statutes are evaluated in light of what is known about the role of grandparents in child development, how courts evaluate children's "best interests" in grandparent visitation disputes, and how these statutes can alter family functioning in informal ways. The authors conclude that there are risks as well as benefits to children and families in grandparent visitation statutes, and suggest directions for procedural and statutory reform. 相似文献
242.
A. Bajt 《Economic Change and Restructuring》1991,24(1):1-12
Kornai's thesis that shortage results from demand expansions bred by the soft budget constraint, derives from his implicit assumption that price regimes of input and output firms are different. Since any firm is both an input and an output firm, which discards the assumption as logically untenable, excess demand can only turn up because of lower than contracted inputs of labor and management that are not offset by an adequate downward adjustment of earnings. Expansions of demand that appear to be autonomous, are incited by uncertain deliveries of inputs, that is, by inefficiency (of output firms) as well. A by far the largest part of excess demand can be explained by state preferences for fast growth. As planners are more successful in generating investment, and the ensuing consumer, demand than in expanding production, shortage is inevitable regardless of the character of the firms' budget constraints. 相似文献
243.
K. Minakata O. Suzuki Y. Ishikawa H. Seno M. Asano 《Forensic Science International Supplement Series》1991,50(2)
A simple and sensitive method is described for quantitative analysis of chlorpromazine in blood, serum, urine and tissue homogenate. The chlorpromazine cation radical produced by adding perchloric acid and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone to the sample can be detected by the ESR method at room temperature. The sensitivity limit is 10 ng, that is, 20 μl of the solution containing 0.5 μg chlorpromazine/ml. The time needed for the measurement is within 10 min. The chlorpromazine radical thus produced is very stable; for example, 95% of the radical was observed after 24 h. The advantage of this method is discussed by comparing with the ordinary spectrophotometry which requires the purification of the sample. 相似文献
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顶空固相微萃取气相色谱法快速检测尿液中氯胺酮 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的建立快速检测吸毒人员尿液中氯胺酮的顶空固相微萃取(HS/SPME)-GC/NPD的方法。方法样品瓶中加入尿液、氢氧化钠溶液、氯化钠,在95℃下加热搅拌,用聚二甲基硅氧烷SPME萃取头(100μm)顶空萃取20min,气相色谱氮磷检测器检测,外标法定量。结果尿液中氯胺酮浓度在0.2~20.0μg/ml范围内呈现线性关系(r2=0.9965),尿液添加1.0μg氯胺酮,平均回收率102.6%,RSD=3.39%(n=7),检测限1.13ng/ml(S/N=3)。结论建立的方法简单、快速、灵敏、准确,十分适合尿液等生物检材中氯胺酮的快速定性定量分析。 相似文献
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