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In most countries the right to publicly perform music is notadministered individually by the copyright holders but rathercollectively by performing rights organizations (PROs). Thecommon explanation behind the proliferation of collective administrationis that some aspects of copyright administrations are naturalmonopolies. It is often argued that individual administrationis impracticable or at least non-economical. Collective administrationis therefore promoted as the most efficient method for licensing,monitoring and enforcing those rights. In addition, becausethe market is a natural monopoly, regulation, rather than anattempt to foster competition, is thought to be the optimalregulatory response. This is the first in a series of two articlesthat critically analyzes this natural monopoly argument. Inthis article I argue that the case for PROs is not as straightforwardas it is assumed to be. I show that many of the underlying costefficiencies that are attributed to PROs are usually simplyassumed and, in many cases, could be equally achieved underless restrictive arrangements. 相似文献
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‘Solvability’ and Detection of Metal Theft on Railway Property 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Paul Robb Timothy Coupe Barak Ariel 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2015,21(4):463-484
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Journal of Experimental Criminology - If participants can anticipate the intervention, they may alter their responses prior to exposure to treatment. One often-ignored consequence of these... 相似文献
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Miozzo MC Maxzud MK Casanova AE Mutal SA Pacharoni C Modesti NM 《Journal of forensic sciences》2004,49(2):407-408
POPULATION: Urban and countryside population of Córdoba (Argentina). 相似文献
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Most accounts of the turmoil that shook Argentina in 2001–2 focused on the harmful impact of the financial environment, imprudent policymaking, and institutional weaknesses. These explanations paid little attention to the cultural frames and cognitive patterns that underlie the connection between civil society and political society. Based on a discourse analysis of Internet forums and presidential speeches, this article argues that the Argentine crisis cannot be fully grasped without considering the link between collective behavior and ingrained conceptions of national identity. The analysis finds that national myths and definitional questions of national purpose are key factors in the way citizens behave in the context of an economic and political crisis. 相似文献