Ultraviolet illumination as an adjunctive aid in dental inspection

Tooth-colored resin fillings have become increasingly popular as restorative materials. Their presence in the dentition presents a challenge to the clinician and the forensic odontologist, as detection of the fillings can be difficult both visually and radiographically. As they necessarily form part of the unique dentition of an individual, recognition of the resins is important for forensic identification. Alternative light sources have been used with success in various fields of forensic science. In recent years small LED flashlights emitting at specific wavelengths in the ultraviolet light (UV) range have been developed. Their low cost, small size, and ready availability makes their use practical in both forensic dental inspection and clinical settings. UV inspection is of interest because enamel, dentin and dental materials all have differing fluorescent properties when illuminated by UV light. It was one goal of this research to quantitatively assess the fluorescence properties of modern restorative resins in order to predict their behavior during inspection using UV illumination. The second goal was to demonstrate practical use of UV in dental inspection with examples of how different materials fluoresce. Quantitative measurements were obtained for optical emission wavelength and intensity for 15 modern resins using a spectrophotometer. Results indicated that resin brands fluoresce at different wavelengths and with varying intensities. Practical use and comparison of the flashlights revealed that the most useful excitation wavelengths for resin detection were in the UVA range (365 and 380 nm). Porcelain restorations and composite resin fillings exhibited different responses to these two wavelengths and thus use of both is recommended for forensic dental inspection.     

Auf drei Jahre befristeter Mietvertrag – Anhebung des Mietzinses durch Gerichtsvergleich

Der zehnfache Wert der Jahresleistung bildet auch dann die Bemessungsgrundlage für eine Erg?nzungspauschalgebühr, wenn zu einem auf bestimmte Zeit (drei Jahre) abgeschlossenen Mietvertrag im Gerichtsvergleich vereinbart wird, dass dieser mit folgender ?nderung aufrecht bleibt. "Die Kl?gerin wird ab … einen Mietzins in H?he von … entrichten."     

Zum Begriff Zweit-"Wohnung" nach Kärntner ZweitwohnsitzabgabeG

Beheizbarkeit und (ganzj?hrige) Wasserzufuhr sind nicht Voraussetzung dafür, dass eine Zweit-"Wohnung" iSd K-ZWAG vorliegt.     

Abwehr allgemeiner Gefahren für die öffentliche Sicherheit von einem Wohnhaus (Felssturz)

Der Schutz vor einer Gefahr, die das ?ffentliche Gemeinschaftsleben st?rt, aber keinem bestimmten Verwaltungszweig zugeh?rt (hier: Schutz eines Wohnhauses vor einem sich aus einer Felswand von einem darüber liegenden Hanggrundstück l?senden Felsbrocken), f?llt unter den Voraussetzungen des Art 118 Abs 6 B-VG in die Zust?ndigkeit der Gemeinde (eigener Wirkungsbereich). Der Bürgermeister darf (nach § 47 Abs 1 stmk GemO) zur Gefahrenabwehr unaufschiebbare "Verfügungen" treffen. Dazu kann er Dritte verpflichten, zur Gefahrenabwehr unerl?ssliche Eingriffe zu dulden, nicht aber dazu, vertretbare Leistungen (zB die unverzügliche Errichtung eines Fangzaunes) selbst – auf deren eigene Kosten – zu erbringen.     

Depressive symptoms among female college students experiencing gender-based violence in Awassa, Ethiopia

Little epidemiologic research has focused on the mental health effects of gender-based violence among sub-Saharan African women. The objective of this study was to assess risk of depression and depressive symptoms among 1,102 female undergraduate students who were victims of gender-based violence. Students who reported experience of any gender-based violence were nearly twice as likely to be classified as having moderate depression during the academic year (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.39-2.82) as compared with nonabused students. Compared with nonabused students, those who had experienced both physical and sexual abuse were 4 times more likely to report either moderately severe (OR = 4.32, 95% CI = 2.00-9.31) or severe depressive symptoms (OR = 4.19, 95% CI = 1.01-17.43). Our findings, consistent with previous studies, support the thesis that women's mental health status is adversely affected by exposure to gender-based violence.     

Political Orientation and Ideological Inconsistencies: (Dis)comfort with Value Tradeoffs

People are often inconsistent in the way they apply their values to their political beliefs (e.g., citing the value of life in opposing capital punishment while simultaneously supporting abortion rights). How do people confront such inconsistencies? Liberals were more likely to say that issues that could draw on several competing values were complex issues that required value tradeoffs, whereas conservatives were more likely to deny the comparability of the issues. We argue that this difference is rooted in the distinct ways that liberals and conservatives represent political issues. Additional evidence suggested that conservatives’ higher need for closure leads them to represent issues in terms of salient, accessible values. Although this may lead conservatives’ attitudes to be more situationally malleable under some circumstances, such shifts do serve to protect an absolutist approach to one’s moral values and help conservatives to deny the comparability of potentially inconsistent positions.     

Verzicht auf Räumungsexekution bei Einhaltung einer Ratenvereinbarung

Denkunm?gliche Gesetzesanwendung, wenn die Einhaltung einer schon bestehenden vertraglichen Verpflichtung zur Zahlung des Mietzinses (die blo? als eine Bedingung für den R?umungsverzicht in den R?umungsvergleich aufgenommen wurde) einer gebührenpflichtigen Zahlungsverpflichtung der beklagten Partei gleichgesetzt wird. Die "nur beil?ufig" erfolgte Erw?hnung dieser Verpflichtung im Gerichtsvergleich ist ohne gerichtsgebührenrechtliche Relevanz.     

Emphasis Framing and the Role of Perceived Knowledge: A Survey Experiment

The relationship between emphasis framing and public opinion has received considerable attention in political science, psychology, and mass communication studies. However, what moderating role perceived knowledge plays in influencing emphasis framing remains unsettled. We explore this relationship using a survey‐experiment embedded within a large‐N, nationally representative survey that allows us to test two specific hypotheses. First, we empirically test whether an emphasis frame influences policy support. Second, we test the moderating effect of perceived knowledge. We test the emphasis framing effects of the name given to a “hot‐button” political issue, while controlling for other survey treatments. Furthermore, we evaluate the degree to which perceived knowledge of the issue moderates the relationship between the emphasis frame and support for hydraulic fracturing. We find support both for the role emphasis framing plays and for perceived knowledge as a moderator.     

How social capital shapes citizen willingness to co-invest in public service: The case of flood control

Why are citizens in some communities more willing to co-invest in public services than citizens in other communities? Citizen co-investment has become an important policy tool for governments to finance public services, yet little research has theorized and empirically examined the impacts of community contexts on citizens' willingness to invest their personal resources in public services. As social capital is often viewed as an important determinant of citizen behaviours, we propose two competing hypotheses explaining the relationship between social capital and citizen co-investment: the facilitation effect hypothesis and the inhibition effect hypothesis. Based on three data sources, our statistical analyses consistently show that citizens living in counties with more social capital are less willing to co-invest in local flood control. This finding provides empirical evidence to support the inhibition effect hypothesis. Key implications of our research and suggestions for future research are discussed in the conclusion.