Explaining crime in developing countries: The need for a case study approach

The relationship between crime and development typically has been investigated within the theoretical umbrella of three dominant frameworks (modernization, underdevelopment, routine activities) and by the analysis of cross-national, statistical correlations between developed and developed countries. We outline the empirical, methodological, conceptual and theoretical weaknesses of these studies. The categories developed and developing are invalid when studying crime and change and the defects of existing approaches can only be overcome by a case study approach to the relationships of patterns of crime in different countries.     

Book reviews

Branko Lazitch and Milorad M. Drachkovitch, Lenin and the Comintern, Volume I. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1972. (Publications Series 106.) xiii + 683 pp. $17.50.

Karl‐Eugen Wadekin, The Private Sector in Soviet Agriculture. Edited by George Karcz. Second, enlarged, revised edition of Privatproduzenten in der sowjetischen Landzoirtschaft. Translated by Keith Bush. Berkeley, Calif, and London: University of California Press, 1973. xviii + 407 pp. $17.50.

Richard H. Ullman, The Anglo‐Soviet Accord. (Vol. III of Anglo‐Soviet Relations, 1917–1921.) Princeton, N.J. and London: Princeton UP, 1972. xv + 509 pp. £7.00.

Eloise Engle and Lauri Paananen, The Winter War. (The Russo‐Finnish Conflict, 1939–40.) New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1973. xv+176 pp. $7.95.

Allen F. Chew, The White Death: the Epic of the Soviet‐Finnish Winter War. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1971. x + 313 pp. $12.50.

Geoffrey Jukes, The Soviet Union in Asia. Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1973. 304 pp. £2.95.

Jaroslaw A. Piekalkiewicz, Public Opinion Polling in Czechoslovakia, 1968–69. Results and Analysis of Surveys Conducted During the Dubcek Era. (Praeger Special Studies in International Politics and Government.) New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972, and London: Pall Mall Press, 1973. xxix + 357 pp. £7.75.

Deborah D. Milenkovitch, Plan and Market in Yugoslav Economic Thought. New Haven and London: Yale UP, 1971. (Yale Russian and East European Studies, 9.) x + 323 pp. $10.00. £4.50.

Robert G. Wesson, The Soviet Russian State. New York and London: John Wiley & Sons, 1972. x + 404 pp. £4.00. Condensed edition £1.95.

Joseph Nedava, Trotsky and the Jews. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1972. 299 pp. $6.00.

Joshua Rothenberg, The Jewish Religion in the Soviet Union. New York: KTAV Publishing House (for Brandeis University), 1972. (Series: Institute for East European Jewish Studies.) viii + 242 pp. $10.00.

Vladimir Petrov, Escape from the Future. Bloomington & London: Indiana UP, 1973. xiii + 470 pp. £3.75.     

THE FOCUS OF REFORM IN COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION*

Challenge to Established Convention … the simple image of the official as the instrument of Ministerial authority accountable to the Minister alone, working unseen, unheard and anonymous, is now seriously inaccurate.     

Escaping loneliness in adolescence: The case for androgyny

The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between sex-role orientation and loneliness in adolescence. Two hundred and twenty-five junior and senior high school students completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory Short Form (Bem, 1981) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell et al., 1978). Results indicated that androgynous individuals were significantly less lonely than masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated individuals. An assessment of the independent contributions of masculinity and femininity indicated that both masculinity and femininity significantly predicted loneliness. Additional analysis revealed that the impact of sex-role orientation on loneliness varied by sex and tended to be greater for males than females. The need to further examine the relationship between androgyny, sex-role development, and adjustment in adolescence is discussed.Received his M.S. and Ph.D. in human development and family studies from The Pennsylvania State University. Research interests are social competence, interpersonal skills development, and adjustment.