The Historical Development of Corporate Criminal Liability

The application of criminal liability to corporations grew out of a minor common law doctrine that masters were criminally liable if their servants created a public nuisance by throwing something out of the house onto the street. The expansion of that doctrine to full corporate criminal liability was primarily the result of judicial interpretation of common law and existing statutory laws, rather than the result of any-deliberate legislative action Civil law countries, lacking the tradition of judicial interpretation, have never developed the concept of corporate criminality. Corporate criminal liability will probably continue to expand in common law countries, regardless of its merits.     

NOTES AND REVIEW ARTICLES TOO LATE?

¹ UNITED EUROPE: CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITY. By WALTER HALLSTEIN.
EUROPEAN RECKONING: THE SIX AND BRITAIN'sFUTURE. By E. STRAUSS.
THE CHALLENGE OF THE COMMON MARKET. By U. KITZINGER.
BRITAIN AND THE NEW EUROPE. By M. SHANKS and J. LAMBERT.     

The Somali Question

The Member of Parliament for South-East Essex, gave the addressWhich follows at a Joint meeting of the Royal African Societyand the Royal Commonwealth Society on May 1, 1958. BrigadierS. H. Longrigg presided.     

Toward a theoretical explanation of premature cabinet termination

Abstract. We propose a rational choice model of premature cabinet termination involving considerations of expected gain in terms of electoral payoffs, policy payoffs, or portfolio payoffs. This approach, which distinguishes contextual variables that will generally affect the nature of cost-benefit calculations made by political actors from the factors that are most likely to have a direct impact on a particular decision to precipitate a cabinet crisis, leads us to several testable hypotheses. We provide a first illustrative test of our predictions with data from the Netherlands.