Factors affecting nursing home placement of community-served individuals

Despite the popularity of community-based programs, many clients are not able to be sustained in that environment. This study examines what began as the same population, specifically receivers of formally provided home based services, some of whom were later institutionalized and then compared to their former colleagues. Variables are related to the demographic, physical and social characteristics of each population, compared to each other as well as studied over a three year period to determine what elements changed to increase risk of institutionalization. Race, reduced degree of mobility and cognitive impairment are shown to be the primary predictors.     

Book review: Criminal justice history and co‐corrections

Lawrence M. Friedman and Robert V. Percival, The Roots of Justice: Crime and Punishment in Alameda County, California, 1870–1910 Chapel Hill, N.C.: The University of North Carolina Press, 1981, 335 pp.

Charles Campbell, Serving Time Together: Men and Women in Prison Fort Worth, Texas Christian University Press, 1980, 237 pp.     

Open focus : implenenting projects in multi-organizational settings

Most managers charged with implementing projects in a complex, public/private partnership setting can cite cases of drastically changed, delayed, or thwarted community projects that at the outset seemed likely to proceed without a hitch. Although the specific context and project affect outcomes, the management approach toproject implementation also influences the degree of implementation difficulty and success. Implementation problems are likely to be compounded if the management approach is based upon a “traditional” hierarchical, stable organizational model. If, however, the arena is seen as the open, dynamic, amorphous, complex, “metaorganization” that it is, and management strategies appropriate to this arena are adopted, success is more likely. From the findings of a case study of project implementation in such a setting and interviews with more than forty community leaders emerged a conceptual model for this situation. This model, called the “Open Focus” model, is characterized by openness to the metaorganization, linking cormnunication, evocative leadership, and collaborative vision.     

The gendered geography of the english co-operative movement at the turn of the nineteenth century

Abstract

This article examines the gender politics of the English Cooperative Movement between 1880 and 1920 from the perspective of geographic space. It shows which sections of the country were most likely to exclude women from participating in the government of co-operative enterprises and offers explanations for their exclusion. Using numerical data compiled by the Women's Co-operative Guild to illustrate its points, the article finds that male co-operators in the north-west were more likely than those in the south to deny women access to management committees and national offices. It argues that men in the north-west countered women's demands for public roles with an increased insistence on domesticity for wives, and it attributes the more generous attitudes of male co-operators in the south to their need to attract women to their struggling stores as shoppers. In the north-west, Co-operation was prosperous and well established; men there had no need to curry the favor of working-class housewives to guarantee the success of their establishments