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891.
One of the most influential and apparently enduring models of the political‐bureaucratic relations has been the ‘Whitehall model’ derived from British practices. Yet the relationship between bureaucrats and politicians in Britain, often poorly understood in the past, has changed in recent years to such an extent that the continued existence of the ‘Whitehall model’ can be doubted. This article draws on published sources and, for background, interviews conducted since 1989 with higher (Grade III and above) civil servants and current or former ministers to explore how and why the Whitehall model is threatened with extinction. The wider implications of this development for British policy making and for the study of the relations between bureaucrats and politicians are explored. 相似文献
892.
Barbara Bolt 《社会征候学》2013,23(2):285-290
In the Wake of First Contact. The Eliza Fraser Stories Kay Schaffer Melbourne Cambridge University Press 1995 Youth Cultures: A Cross‐Cultural Perspective Vered Amit‐Talai and Helena Wulff eds London Routledge 1995 Debating Derrida Niall Lucy Melbourne Melbourne University Press 1995 相似文献
893.
Queer by Choice: Lesbians, Gay Men and the Politics of Identity, VERA WHISMAN, New York and London: Routledge 1996 The Material Queer: A LesBiGay Cultural Studies Reader, DONALD MORTON (ed) Boulder and Oxford: Westview Press 1996 相似文献
894.
Abstract If efforts to expand homeownership are to succeed, policy makers will require improved information on the characteristics of renters, especially their attitudes toward homeownership. This article examines the feasibility of identifying distinctive renter subgroups based on subjective as well as objective characteristics. To do this, a combination of factor analysis and cluster analysis was applied to a 1991 national survey of almost 2,000 renters; discriminant analysis was used to compare the renter subgroups. Six clusters emerged from the analysis: (1) families moving up the housing ladder (17 percent of the total), (2) lifestyle renters (21 percent), (3) college graduates starting out (26 percent), (4) black renters (15 percent), (5) elderly life cycle renters (10 percent), and (6) struggling blue‐collar workers (11 percent). Clusters 1, 4, and 6 may be suitable targets for homeownership assistance. Programs that may be appropriate for each are discussed. 相似文献
895.
Graham C. Ousey Pamela Wilcox Bonnie S. Fisher 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2011,27(1):53-84
This study revisits a familiar question regarding the relationship between victimization and offending. Using longitudinal
data on middle- and high-school students, the study examines competing arguments regarding the relationship between victimization
and offending embedded within the “dynamic causal” and “population heterogeneity” perspectives. The analysis begins with models
that estimate the longitudinal relationship between victimization and offending without accounting for the influence of time-stable
individual heterogeneity. Next, the victimization-offending relationship is reconsidered after the effects of time-stable
sources of heterogeneity, and time-varying covariates are controlled. While the initial results without controls for population
heterogeneity are in line with much prior research and indicate a positive link between victimization and offending, results
from models that control for time-stable individual differences suggest something new: a negative, reciprocal relationship
between victimization and offending. These latter results are most consistent with the notion that the oft-reported victimization-offending link is driven by
a combination of dynamic causal and population heterogeneity factors. Implications of these findings for theory and future
research focusing on the victimization-offending nexus are discussed. 相似文献
896.
Graham Francis Wagstaff Jacqueline Mary Wheatcroft Charlotte Lucy Burt Hannah Jayne Pilkington Keely Wilkinson Jennifer Dianne Hoyle 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2011,26(2):152-161
Despite the decline in popularity of hypnosis as an investigative interviewing technique, this paper builds on previous research
showing that some of the techniques employed in traditional hypnotic interviewing may still be useful in the development of
simple, brief memory facilitation procedures for use by the police. Three experiments are described that investigate the effects
of a short Focused Meditation with eye-closure technique in situations where participants are presented with misleading information.
In the first study, which utilized a standard misinformation paradigm, a significant memory facilitation effect was shown
with Focused Meditation, though the effect was not significant for eye-closure alone. There were no increases in errors when
the Meditation and eye-closure procedures were used alone or in combination. The second experiment showed that a combined
Focused Meditation with eye-closure technique reduced misinformation effects associated with fictitious events, and a third
showed that the same technique reduced interrogative suggestibility effects as measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale,
whilst facilitating free recall memory. It is concluded that a Focused Meditation with eye-closure technique may potentially
have applications in the field where brief alternatives to the Cognitive Interview are required. 相似文献
897.
Russell BJ 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2011,34(5):349-353
Though community treatment orders (CTOs) were first used in 1986 in Australia, debate about their clinical and ethical merits continues even today. For some, the benefits of reduced frequency and duration of involuntary hospitalizations are believed to adequately outweigh the harms of restricted liberties in community living. For others, however, such benefits are believed to be achievable by simply arranging integrated, devoted community resources sans any threat of forced re-hospitalization. In response to this enduring controversy, this article examines the ethical merits of community orders using a novel approach. “Novel” because the examination is based on research ethics and its foundational principles.When hospital and community clinicians, family members, consumer/survivors, and advocacy groups discussed the idea of amending Ontario's mental health legislation to permit CTOs in the late 1990s, evidence of their effects and efficacy was very limited. Moreover, an order was characterized much like standard pharmacological or medical therapies because the person or an appropriate substitute decision maker's consent was necessary to authorize the order or make it valid. These two factors prompted this retrospective analysis: if CTOs - as a public policy initiative - had been treated like most other promising therapies, would any different ethics-related concerns have been raised that, in turn, would have benefited the public debate and the legislature's decisions? In other words, if respected safeguards that apply to new drugs and medical devices had applied to CTOs, would anything have changed? 相似文献
898.
Sylvia KierkegaardAuthor VitaeNigel WatersAuthor Vitae Graham GreenleafAuthor VitaeLee A. BygraveAuthor Vitae Ian LloydAuthor VitaeSteve SaxbyAuthor Vitae 《Computer Law & Security Report》2011,27(3):223-231
The Council of Europe is engaging in a process of revising its Data Protection Convention (Convention 108) to meet and overcome these challenges. The Council of Europe celebrates this year the 30th Anniversary of its Data Protection Convention (usually referred to as Convention 108) which has served as the backbone of international law in over 40 European countries and has influenced policy and legislation far beyond Europe’s shores. With new data protection challenges arising every day, the Convention is revising its Data Protection Convention. Computer Law and Security Review (CLSR) together with the Intl. Association of IT Lawyers (IAITL) and ILAWS have submitted comments in response to the Expert Committee’s public consultation on this document. CLSR aims to position itself at the forefront of policy discussion drawing upon the high quality scholarly contributions from leading experts around the world. 相似文献
899.
Dettmeyer R Parzeller M Laux J Friedl H Zedler B Bratzke H 《Archiv für Kriminologie》2011,227(3-4):85-101
In the last few years, male circumcision has become the subject of controversial discussion. On the one hand, medical and hygienic arguments, ideology, freedom of religion, cultural identity and social adequacy are claimed by those supporting male circumcision. On the other hand, the justification of this practice also has to be critically scrutinized just as the question whether the parents have the right to consent to the operation. Today, opinions range from those who claim that religion and culture alone justify the practice to those who consider circumcision of minors unable to give their consent as bodily injury subject to punishment. In contrast to female genital mutilation, most positions do not postulate that circumcision violates morality. If the person concerned is able to give his consent, freedom of religion may also justify circumcision after weighing its pros and cons as well as its risks and potential side effects. 相似文献
900.
Two unusual cases of suicidal overdose of acetaminophen (paracetamol) without the usual extensive centrilobular necrosis of the liver are reported. Both cases were subjected to comprehensive drug screening by immunoassay, and a combination of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, nitrogen detection, and electron capture detection. Acetaminophen was detected in both cases. No other drugs were detected in case #1, and only a small amount of olanzapine (<0.1 mg/L) was detected in case #2. No anatomical cause of death was identified in either case. If untreated, the normal outcome of a large acetaminophen overdose would be massive hepatic necrosis with delayed death and low blood and tissue acetaminophen concentrations. In contrast, particularly high postmortem acetaminophen concentrations were measured in both our cases with little hepatic tissue damage. For case #1, femoral blood acetaminophen 1280 mg/L, vitreous 878 mg/L, and liver 729 mg/kg; in case #2, cardiac blood 1220 mg/L, vitreous 779 mg/L, liver 3260 mg/kg, and gastric 11,500 mg/500 g. Acetaminophen was measured using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (254 nm) using 3-hydroxyacetanilide as the internal standard. The very high concentrations of acetaminophen is these cases but relatively little hepatic damage suggests an alternative, possibly cardiac, mechanism of death. 相似文献