B. Reviews: general

THE FATIMID VIZIERATE 969–1172. By LEILA AL‐IMAD. Berlin, Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 1990. viii, 229pp.

SEMINAR FÜR ARABISTIK UND ISLAM WISSENSCHAFT, WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS UNIV. MÜNSTER

MAPAS, PLANOS Y FORTIFICACIONES HISPANICOS DE TUNEZ (S. XVI‐XIX)/ CARTES, PLANS ET FORTIFICATIONS HISPANIQUES DE LA TUNISIE (XVIe‐XIXe S.). By JUAN Bta. VILAR. 488pp. Text in Spanish; Table of Contents, Preface and Introduction in Spanish and French. Madrid, Instituto de Cooperacion con el Mundo Arabe, 1991. Ca. ptas. 7.000.‐.

SEPHARDI ENTREPRENEURS IN ERETZ ISRAEL: THE AMZALAK FAMILY 1816–1918. By JOSEPH B. GLASS and RUTH KARK. Jerusalem, Magnes Press, 1991. 202pp. $20 (hb).

JEWISH LIFE IN MUSLIM LIBYA: RIVALS AND RELATIVES. By HARVEY E. GOLDBERG. Chicago & London, University of Chicago Press, 1990. 181pp.

FRENCH JEWS, TURKISH JEWS: THE ALLIANCE ISRAELITE UNIVERSELLE AND THE POLITICS OF JEWISH SCHOOLING IN TURKEY, 1860–1925. By ARON RODRIGUE. Bloomingtom, Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 1990. 235pp.

KLÉBER EN ÉGYPTE: 1798–1800. Edited by HENRY LAURENS. (Voyageurs occidentaux en Egypte, 25.) Le Caire, Institut français d'archéologie orientale, 1988. 2 vols. Vol. 1, Kléber et Bonaparte: 1798–1799, viii, 342pp., map. Vol. 2, Kléber et Bonaparte: 1798–99 [sic]. 234pp., map, illustrations.

SADAT AND AFTER: STRUGGLES FOR EGYPT'S POLITICAL SOUL. By RAYMOND WILLIAM BAKER. London, Taurus, 1990. 365pp. £26.50.

EGYPT: MOULIDS, SAINTS, SUFIS. By NICOLAAS H. BIEGMAN. The Hague/London, Gary Schwartz/SDU, Kegan Paul International, 1990. 175pp.

SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICES FOR ISRAEL'S ARAB POPULATION. By AZIZ HAIDAR. (Westview Special Studies on the Middle East.) Boulder & Oxford, Westview Press, 1991.

THE SYRIAN INVOLVEMENT IN LEBANON SINCE 1975. By REUVEN AVI‐RAN. Boulder and Oxford, Westview Press. 241pp. £19.95 (pb).

THE IRAQI REVOLUTION OF 1958: THE OLD SOCIAL CLASSES REVISITED. Ed. by ROBERT A. FERNEA AND WM. ROGER LOUIS. London/New York, I.B. Tauris, 1991. xxiv, 232pp.

LETTERS FROM TEHRAN: A BRITISH AMBASSADOR IN WORLD WAR II PERSIA. By READER BULLARD, edited by E.C. HODGKIN. London, I.B. Taurus, 1991. xiii, 301pp. £29.95.

AGRICULTURE, POVERTY AND LAND REFORM IN IRAN. By MOHAMMAD JAVAD AMID. London, Routledge, 1990. xii, 177pp. £30 (hb).

REVOLUTION AND ECONOMIC TRANSITION: THE IRANIAN EXPERIENCE. By HOOSHANG AMIRAHMADI. Albany, State University of New York Press, 1990. 420pp.

TURKEY AND THE MIDDLE EAST. By PHILIP ROBINS. London, Pinter for the Royal Institute of International Affairs. 134pp.

THE US‐TURKISH‐NATO MIDDLE EAST CONNECTION: HOW THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE AND TURKEY'S NATO ENTRY CONTAINED THE SOVIETS. By GEORGE McGHEE. Foreword by Lord Carrington. Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1990. xvii, 224pp. £40 (hb).

LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN TURKEY: GOVERNING GREATER ISTANBUL. Edited by METIN HEPER. London, Routledge, 1989. 92 pp.

CENTRE DE WULF‐MANSION, INSTITUT SUPÉRIEUR DE PHILOSOPHIE, UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN

MUSLIM‐CHRISTIAN ENCOUNTERS. By W. MONTGOMERY WATT. London & New York, Routledge, 1991. 164 pp.

ISLAM: THE FEAR AND THE HOPE. By HABIB BOULARÈS. London & New Jersey, Zed Books, 1990. xii, 144pp. £26.95 (hb); £8.95 (pb).

ISLAMIC LAW: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXTS. Edited by AZIZ AL‐AZMEH. London, Routledge, 1988. 277pp. £27.50.

MODERN LITERATURE IN THE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST 1850–1970. Edited by ROBIN OSTLE. London, Routledge, 1991. ix, 248 pp.

A PERSIAN REQUIEM. By SIMIN DANESHVAR, translated by ROXANE ZAND. Peter Halban Publishers. 279pp. £13.95.

MINARET: SYMBOL OF ISLAM. By JONATHAN BLOOM. (Oxford Studies in Islamic Art, VII.) Oxford, OUP, 1989. 216 pp. £25.00.     

共青团80年发展的历史必然性

共青团走过的８０年是在党领导下发展的８０年。共青团的发展具有历史的必然性,这种必然性主要由国际共产主义运动、青年运动和青年利益、社会结构优化、共青团自身相对独立运转的规律四个因素共同作用所决定。     

教育发展与经济增长的相关性分析--以云南省为例

教育与经济增长相互影响、相互依赖。教育投资水平与经济增长的快慢也息息相关。从统计角度研究教育投入、人口文化素质与经济增长的相关关系 ,可以发现 :云南省教育投资比经济发展滞后 ,而人口文化素质、知识发展水平和教育发展水平都是经济增长的重要制约因素。所以教育投资力度要加大 ,教育必须先行 ,这是提高经济质量的关键     

Review

Timothy J. Colton, Moscow: Governing the Socialist Metropolis. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996, xvi + 939 pp., £28.50.

Reiner Weichhardt (ed.), Status of Economic Reforms in Cooperation Partner Countries in the mid‐1990s: Opportunities, Constraints, Security Implications. Brussels: NATO, 1996, 293 pp.

Pal Gáspár (ed.), Changes and Challenges: Economic Transformation in East‐Central Europe. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1995, 146 pp.

Ian Jeffries, A Guide to Economies in Transition. London: Routledge, 1996, ix + 816 pp.

Rumen Dobrinsky & Michael Landesmann (eds), Transforming Economies and European Integration. Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1995, xvi + 331 pp. £59.95.

John P. Hardt & Richard F. Kaufman (eds), East‐Central European Economies in Transition. New York: M. E. Sharp, 1995, xv + 709 pp., $39.95.

Eckhard J. Dittrich, Gert Schmidt & Richard Whitley (eds), Industrial Transformation in Europe. Process and Contexts. London: Sage, 1995, x + 290 pp., £35.00.

Gary McMahon (ed.), Lessons in Economic Policy for Eastern Europe from Latin America. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996, xxii + 256 pp., $40.00.

Sergei Sinel'nikov‐Murylev, Byudzhetnyi krizis v Rossii: 1985–1995 gody. Moscow: Evraziya, 1995, 316 pp.

Sue Bridger, Rebecca Kay & Kathryn Pinnick, No More Heroines? Russia, Women and the Market. London: Routledge, 1996, ix + 220 pp., £12.99.

Simon Clarke (ed.), Labour Relations in Transition: Wages, Employment and Industrial Conflict in Russia. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1996, x + 282 pp., £49.95.

Oksana Dmitrieva, Regional Development: The USSR and After. London: UCL Press, 1996, xi + 211 pp., £40.00 h/b, £14.95 p/b.

Richard Pomfret, The Economies of Central Asia. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996, 205 pp., £27.50.

Mehrdad Haghayeghi, Islam and Politics in Central Asia. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1995, xxiv + 264 pp., £30.00.

Revaz Gachechiladze, The New Georgia: Space, Society, Politics. London: UCL Press, 1995, xxi + 205 pp., £40.00 h/b, £14.95 p/b.

Uri Ra'anan & Kate Martin (eds), Russia: A Return to Imperialism? Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996, viii + 216 pp., £29.50.

Thomas Carothers, Assessing Democracy Assistance: The Case of Romania. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1996, vi+ 144 pp., $12.95.

Peter Lentini (ed.), Elections and Political Order in Russia: The Implications of the 1993 Elections to the Federal Assembly. London: Oxford University Press/Central European University Press, 1995, xii + 292 pp., £30.00 h/b, £11.95 p/b.

Stephen White, Russia Goes Dry: Alcohol, State and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, xiii + 250 pp., £40.00 h/b, £14.95 p/b.

Edvard Radzinsky, Stalin: The First In‐depth Biography Based on Explosive New Documents from Russia's Secret Archives. Translated by H. T. Willetts. New York, Doubleday, 1996, xii + 607 pp.

Robert F. Byrnes, V. O. Kliuchevskii, Historian of Russia. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995, xxi + 301 pp., £31.50.     

Living,Working, and Writing about Global Children and Youth

No abstract available for this article.     

Agroindustry and contract farmers in upland West Java

This study examines the experience of contract farmers in the hilly southern region of West Java, using illustrations from two types of upland contracting schemes. The nucleus in one case (smallholder dairy farming) is a co‐operative, and in the second (smallholder hybrid coconuts) a large nationalised plantation corporation. In both cases contract farming communities deviate markedly from the neo‐populist vision of homogeneous, modernising family farms; differentiation is quite marked, and wage labour common. In both cases the institutional framework surrounding contract farmers is in serious need of democratisation; the problem is not one of formal structures in need of revision but of actual function and substance of relationships, which reflect the nature and exercise of power in rural society.     

正确估计国民的收入差距承受力

伴随着二十余年改革开放所取得的巨大经济成就以及分配方式多元化结构的出现 ,我国国民收入的差距也在进一步拉大。收入分配制度的改革是一场革命 ,它在给我国的社会主义建设带来极大经济效益的同时 ,也打破社会群体的心理均衡。在由传统的计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转轨的过程中 ,也就是说 ,在对社会生产与分配进行调整期间 ,拉大收入差距是必然的 ,也是必要的 ,不如此不能够顺利实现和完成体制转轨与生产和分配方式调整的任务 ,也就不能够调动劳动者的生产积极性、刺激经济的进一步繁荣发展。但是也要看到 ,如果不能准确把握国民…