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411.
Ben Maddison 《澳大利亚政治与历史杂志》2007,53(4):505-518
The 1891 censuses taken in New South Wales and Tasmania abandoned the long-established practice of grouping working-class occupations into “skilled” and “unskilled” categories. Instead, they were grouped into “Industrial” categories that did not differentiate between grades or degrees of skill. In this paper the sudden disruption to the preceding practice is explained as an effect of the intersection of two histories: the changing meaning of skill, and the history of scientific method. The paper traces the transformations in meanings of skill from an “artisanal” to an “industrial” form and examines how the two central figures in the construction of the 1891 census — the statisticians T.A Coghlan and R.M Johnston — were enmeshed in that history. Coghlan is usually given the more prominent role in accounts of late nineteenth-century statistics, but in this case Johnston's expertise in using scientific method was instrumental in the “deskilling” of the census. 相似文献
412.
A German court rules that web publishers who choose not to usewidely available technical protection measures, such as therobot exclusion protocol (robot.txt), grant an implied licenceto search engines to crawl and cache for the purpose of indexingcontent on the internet. 相似文献
413.
谭本基 《中共云南省委党校学报》2003,4(5):70-72
中国共产党之所以能从胜利走向胜利,一个重要原因就是能认真分析客观环境的发展变化,加强自身建设,适应环境。 相似文献
414.
The Convention on the future of the European Union has been heralded by many as a unique political setting. So far the process of EU Treaty change was subject to the collision of national political interests in Intergovernmental Conferences. By contrast, the Convention appears to promise a fundamentally open and normatively informed arena. This article probes the validity of this promise by dissecting the political dynamics of the Convention along three dimensions: political behaviour and alliance formation; agenda management; and the norms informing its proceedings. 相似文献
415.
Francesco Parisi Norbert Schulz Ben Depoorter 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2004,17(2):175-190
This paper defines a framework for anticommons analysis based on the fragmentation of property rights. In differentiating between sequential and simultaneous cases of property fragmentation, we describe and assess the equilibria obtained under each scenario. Our model reveals how the private incentives of excluders do not capture the external effects of their decisions. Moreover, our model suggests that the result of underutilization of joint property increases monotonically in both (a) the extent of fragmentation; and (b) the foregone synergies and complementarities between the property fragments. Within this context, we can therefore explore important implications for possible institutional responses to a range of issues raised by the concept of property fragmentation. 相似文献
416.
重评斯顿夫的机能心理学 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
德国著名心理学家斯顿夫提出的机能心理学,是对布伦塔诺意动心理学的继承与推进,在西方人文心理学的思想发展中具有承上启下的作用,由于有关他的文献毁于战火之中,导致他长期以来受到心理学史家的冷 落,本文根据新近发现的资料,重新阐述了斯顿夫机能心理学的理论体系,包括心理学的性质,对象,方法以及心理状态的特征与分类等思想,在基本观点上,斯顿夫的机能心理学与布伦塔诺的意动心理学一脉相承,但在具体内容,前者是后者的发展与超越。 相似文献
417.
Francesco Parisi Norbert Schulz Ben Depoorter 《International Review of Law and Economics》2005,25(4):1754
Commons and anticommons problems are the consequence of symmetric structural departures from a unified conception of property. In this paper, we provide a dual model of property, where commons and anticommons problems are the consequence of a lack of conformity between use and exclusion rights. While commons and anticommons problems are symmetric in this sense, they are associated with asymmetric transaction costs. The paper formulates a hypothesis of legal rules for promoting unity in property and suggests a list of possible areas of application. 相似文献
418.
Understanding and assessing school police officers: A conceptual and methodological comment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Although law enforcement officials have been involved in the provision of school security services for the past half century, prior to the 1990s the practice of assigning sworn police officers to serve in schools on a full-time basis was uncommon. Over the past decade the number of police officers serving in schools increased substantially, but few studies of school police officers were conducted and little attention was devoted to understanding the role of school police officers. This article contributes to the literature on school police officers by providing an overview of the development of school police officers, an outline of issues which should be considered in conceptualizing school police officers, and a discussion of methodological issues pertaining to the assessment of school police officers. 相似文献
419.
Ben Stanley 《Democratization》2016,23(2):263-282
For a short and controversial period in 2006–2007, Poland was governed by a three-party “populist coalition” which attempted to break with the liberal-democratic model of post-communist transition and implement a far-reaching set of reforms. In this article, I analyse the ways in which domestic and external actors responded to the challenges posed by this coalition. I argue that Poland's Constitutional Court and the temporarily united opposition parties were key to repelling the populist challenge. However, the anti-populist response was driven less by a deliberate strategy than by the confrontational logic of populism itself, and the institutional design of Poland's liberal-democratic system. I conclude with a discussion of several lessons the Polish case holds for further analyses of anti-populist reaction. 相似文献
420.
Die Vergütungspraktiken bei Spitzenmanagern gelten als Mitverursacher der Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise und stehen in der ?ffentlichen
Kritik. Oft werden Spitzenmanager für kurzfristige Unternehmenserfolge mit gro?zügigen Bonuszahlungen ausgestattet, w?hrend
Fehlverhalten nicht sanktioniert wird. Eine solche Vergütungspraxis setzt falsche Anreizmechanismen und f?rdert die Risikobereitschaft
von Spitzenmanagern. In diesem Aufsatz werden zun?chst die derzeitigen Regulierungslücken im Lichte der Prinzipal-Agenten-Beziehung
diskutiert. Anschlie?end wird anhand eines theoretischen Modells gezeigt, wie die kurzfristige Gewinnorientierung eines Managers
zu einem Moral-Hazard-Verhalten führen kann. Des Weiteren werden m?gliche Reformma?nahmen diskutiert sowie die bisherigen
Reformbemühungen beleuchtet. Mit der Verankerung der neuen Instituts-Vergütungsverordnung im deutschen Recht ist ein erster
Schritt zu einer langfristigen und nachhaltigen Unternehmenspolitik erfolgt. Es kommt in naher Zukunft darauf an, dass alle
Industrie- und Schwellenl?nder die internationalen Richtlinien in nationale Gesetzgebung umsetzen, damit keine Regulierungsarbitrage
zwischen den einzelnen Staaten entsteht. 相似文献