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371.
Benjamin W. Fisher Thomas J. Mowen John H. BomanIV 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2018,47(6):1221-1237
Although school security measures have become a common fixture in public schools across the United States, research on the relationship between security and adolescent victimization is mixed, with very few studies examining trends in adolescent victimization across time. Using two waves of data from the Educational Longitudinal Study 2002 (N?=?7659; 50.6% female; 56.7% White, 13.3% Black, 13.5% Hispanic, 11.3% Asian American, 5.4% other race), results from a series of multi-level models demonstrate that adolescents in schools with more security measures report higher odds of being threatened with harm, and no difference in odds of being in a physical altercation or having something stolen over time. Although prior research has established racial disparities in using school security measures, results demonstrate inconsistent patterns in the extent to which adolescents’ race conditions the relationship between security and victimization. The findings are discussed in light of existing theoretical and empirical work, and implications for both research and practice are offered. 相似文献
372.
Benjamin Nyblade Angela O’Mahony 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2014,49(1):44-66
Elections in developing countries have increasingly become international events. Previous scholarship identifies many examples in which migrants from developing countries have played a role in financing elections in their home countries and provides cross-national evidence that migrants increase remittances in election years. However, previous cross-national analyses have been limited by their reliance on annual national-level data. This article provides statistical analyses of quarterly subnational data of remittance inflows to Mexican states and new monthly national-level data on remittance inflows for nine countries. These analyses demonstrate that political remittance cycles appear in the quarter prior to an election, can exist both for national and subnational elections, and are influenced by both economic conditions in migrants’ host countries and political conditions in their home countries. 相似文献
373.
Benjamin Acloque 《Canadian journal of African studies》2014,48(1):119-143
Born of a politico-military conflict at the end of the seventeenth century in the south west of present-day Mauritania, the Ahl Bârikalla tribal group established itself further north. Their new territory, more arid, drove them into changing their way of life. Having become great camel-herders, they specialised in the digging of wells. The only important religious group in this vast area, they established complex relations with the surrounding warrior groups. The colonial period saw their territory shared between the French and the Spanish but, after the conquest, their travels were little affected. Decolonisation, particularly that of the Spanish Sahara in 1975, and the great drought disrupted both the ecological and the political conditions. The partition of their area by the Moroccan Wall and by urbanisation, which shifted the principal sources of income, seemed to signal the end of nomadism. However, attachment to the desert, which is anchored in discourse and the incessant comings-and-goings, remains the prop of collective identity. 相似文献
374.
Elite development theory: a labour-centred critique 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Benjamin Selwyn 《Third world quarterly》2016,37(5):781-799
Much development theory is based upon elite-led conceptions of social change. Elite development theory (EDT) conceptualises ‘the poor’ as human inputs into or, at best, junior partners within elite-led development processes. This elitism contributes to the continual (re)framing of the poor as passive beneficiaries of elite policy, and legitimates economic exploitation of the poor. These claims are illustrated by discussing a number of EDT traditions – the Washington/Post-Washington Consensus, statist political economy, modernisation Marxism and varieties of pro-poor growth. As an alternative to EDT the article argues for a conception and practice of ‘labour-centred development’. 相似文献
375.
Benjamin Selwyn 《Third world quarterly》2016,37(6):1035-1052
This article outlines the theory and practice of labour-centred development (LCD). Much development thinking is elitist, positing states and corporations as primary agents in the development process. This article argues, by contrast, that collective actions by labouring classes can generate tangible developmental gains and therefore that, under certain circumstances, they can be considered primary development actors. Examples of LCD discussed here include shack-dwellers’ movements in South Africa, the landless labourers’ movement in Brazil, unemployed workers’ movements in Argentina and large-scale collective actions by formal sector workers across East Asia. The article also considers future prospects for LCD. 相似文献
376.
Benjamin K. Sovacool 《Policy Sciences》2008,41(3):245-261
One predominant theme in American energy and electricity policy is the idea of a “portfolio approach,” or that society must
embrace an assortment of different energy technologies simultaneously. This article argues that such a strategy, in practice,
is (a) biased, since fossil fuel and nuclear technologies have been heavily favored; (b) opaque, obscuring the different full
social costs of energy systems; (c) inequitable, promoting technologies that contribute to climate change; and (d) unsophisticated,
ignoring important qualitative differences among technologies. The article estimates the full social costs of electricity
generation, concluding that the five cheapest forms of electricity generation are all renewable resources; that intermittency
is not a reason to reject renewable energy technologies; that nuclear power has significant technical and environmental problems,
especially from a greenhouse gas emissions and climate change perspective; and that “clean coal” and carbon capture and sequestration
technologies face significant challenges to deployment. 相似文献
377.
Catherine Brinkley Charlotte Glennie Benjamin Chrisinger Jose Flores 《Journal of Public Affairs (14723891)》2019,19(3)
Using 71 planned supermarket interventions in food deserts, this study assesses the interplay between regional geography, management models, policy drivers, financing, and timing. We find that community engagement and cooperative management models are important factors to opening and sustaining a new store, contributing to subsequent improvements in the foodscape, built environment, and diet‐related health. Findings show that none of the nonprofit or community‐driven stores have closed whereas nearly half of the commercial‐driven and one third of government‐driven cases resulted in canceled plans or closed stores. Our research suggests community engagement is a critical component of effective policies for healthy food access. Future studies may wish to include measurements of community engagement with their case studies to better situate explanatory findings. 相似文献
378.
Public Choice - Rulers face challenges in governing distant or hostile populations. In response, they may coopt elites from those groups into relationships of indirect rule, thereby boosting their... 相似文献
379.
ABSTRACT Local authorities have long sought for solutions to the numerous service delivery challenges arising out of increasing demands from the general public coupled with budgetary constraints. One such solution is inter-organisational cooperation which has been found as an alternative cost-effective way of providing services to the general public. Drawing on resource-dependency theory, this paper explores the possibilities and challenges of cooperation among Assemblies in Ghana by adopting a qualitative approach. The findings reveal that inter-district cooperation is still at its development stages in Ghana despite the respondents’ recognition that it has the potential to address most of the problems faced by District Assemblies in Ghana. 相似文献
380.
Chris Hanretty Benjamin E. Lauderdale Nick Vivyan 《American journal of political science》2020,64(3):519-535
Measuring how much citizens care about different policy issues is critical for political scientists, yet existing measurement approaches have significant limitations. We provide a new survey-experimental, choice-based approach for measuring the importance voters attach to different positional issues, including issues not currently contested by political elites. We combine information from (a) direct questions eliciting respondents' positions on different issues with (b) a conjoint experiment asking respondents to trade off departures from their preferred positions on those issues. Applying this method to study the relative importance of 34 issues in the United Kingdom, we show that British voters attach significant importance to issues like the death penalty that are not presently the subject of political debate and attach more importance to those issues associated with social liberal–conservative rather than economic left–right divisions. 相似文献