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111.
Bernard Angers 《Canadian public administration. Administration publique du Canada》1977,20(2):380-388
Sommaire. L'auteur, après avoir décrit la nature du gouvemement local, son rǒle, sa fonction ainsi que son financement, s'interroge sur le type de gouver-nement local souhaité. Il opte pour un gouvemement local autonome dont le rǒle principal est de fournir des services à la propriété et aux personnes. Cette identification des rǒles permettra d'orienter les sources de revenue en référence avec les fonctions municipales. Selon cette hypothèse, l'impǒt sur le revenu comme source de financement municipal ne semble pas approprié. Il serait préférable d'améliorer la performance de l'impǒt foncier et trouver d'autres sources de taxation rattachées soit à la propriété, soit à la prestation des services. De měme, l'intervention des gouvemements provinciaux et fédéral doit ětre limitée si l'on ne veut pas que les municipalités deviennent des administrateurs de programmes provinciaux et fédéraux. Abstract. This paper, after reviewing the nature of local government, its role, its function as well as its funding, speculates as to the proper type of local government. He favours an autonomous local government whose main function would be to supply services to property and individuals. This role identification would allow to gear income sources to municipal functions. Under this policy, an income tax considered as the source of municipal funding would not seem suitable. It would be better to improve the performance of the real estate tax system and to find other sources on the basis of either ownership or supply of services. The intervention of provincial and federal governments should also be curtailed to prevent municipalities from becoming the administrators of provincial and federal programs. 相似文献
112.
Bernard Wood 《Society》2013,50(2):152-155
Four-field anthropology departments are no longer in a ‘steady state’. Their integrity is threatened by a combination of internal and external developments. It remains to be seen whether they, in combination, are powerful enough to break the historic bonds that have united them for nearly a century. 相似文献
113.
In electoral autocracies, opposition coalition formation offers the best hope of getting to democracy. Yet forming electoral coalitions also entails convincing opposition voters to ignore compromises and engage in the cross‐party voting necessary for opposition victory. To what extent are voters committed to defeating the autocratic incumbent even if it would result in dislikable outcomes? A survey experiment in Malaysia finds that opposition voters overwhelmingly express pretreatment support for the opposition coalition. But when exposed to a treatment vignette about which member party might lead the next government, many voters retract their support. Specifically, voters’ support for the coalition declines when their least preferred member is expected to control the government and when they can vote for a closer ideological alternative outside of the coalition. Although voters are committed to opposition unity and democratic transition, that commitment is sensitive to the anticipated consequences of an opposition victory. 相似文献
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Le Blanc-Louvry I Gricourt C Touré E Papin F Proust B 《Forensic science international》2012,221(1-3):e7-11
We report the case of a 27 year old man who was injured by a Taser gun device which penetrated the frontal part of the skull and damaged the underlying frontal lobe. Cerebral penetration was revealed by a brain CT scan. A neurosurgical procedure was required to remove the dart from the skull and brain and the evolution was successful allowing discharge of the patient one week later. There were no additional lesions, particularly electrifying lesion, as only one probe had penetrated the skull. We also observed the length of a Taser dart is sufficient to allow brain penetration. Fortunately, no infection or neurological complication occurred following brain injury. This case study underlines the potential risk induced by the use of Taser stun gun. Although generally regarded as a safe alternative, serious injuries have however been reported and questions regarding the safety of the device still remains unresolved. 相似文献
116.
The article examines the concept of transparency and its effect on international crises. It tests two possible "logics" of transparency, one positive and one negative. In the former, transparency is seen as defusing international crises by illuminating other states' peaceful intentions and ameliorating the security dilemma. In the latter, transparency is seen as exacerbating crises by overwhelming diplomatic signals with the "noise" of domestic politics and confusing opponents about which domestic voices are authoritative expressions of state policy. The authors conclude that, surprisingly, transparency makes conflicts worse more often than not—a conclusion that casts doubt on one possible explanation ofthe democratic peace. 相似文献
117.
Bernard S. Jackson 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2014,27(3):421-423
118.
Bernard Porter 《Intelligence & National Security》2013,28(4):759-763
Brian Crozier, Free Agent. The Unseen War 1941–1991 (London: HarperCollins, 1993). Pp.xiv + 314. £16.99. ISBN 0–00–255192–6. Gary Murray, Enemies of the State (London: Simon & Schuster, 1993). Pp.xx + 322. £16.99. ISBN 0–671–71194–6. The Security Service (London: HMSO, 1993). Pp.36. £4.95. ISBN 0–11–3410875. 相似文献
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