Glass-containing gunshot residue particles: a new type of highly characteristic particle?

In 0.22 caliber rimfire ammunition, the primer often contains lead or lead and barium compounds. As residues from these primers do not contain lead, barium, and antimony, they cannot be uniquely classified as gunshot residue (GSR) under ASTM designation E 1588-95. In many types of 0.22 caliber rimfire ammunition, the cartridge contains a primer sensitized with glass. In this paper we describe a previously unreported type of GSR particle consisting of glass fused with other primer components. As there appear to be few potential environmental or occupational sources of particles composed of lead and barium compounds fused to glass, particularly borosilicate glass, these particles may have high evidential value. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray detection (SEM-EDX) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) were evaluated for the characterization of glass-containing GSR particles. The occurrence of glass-containing GSR particles was established in the residue from various brands of 0.22 caliber ammunition, and several sub-types were identified.     

The return of the Native: The supply elasticity of the American Indian population 1960–1980

We are indebted to Bruce Cain (California Institute of Technology) for the inspiration which led to this paper, and to Richard Morrill (Department of Geography, University of Washington, Seattle), Vincent Monico (Public Affairs Branch, Bureau of Indian Affairs), and Michael Lawson (Tribal Acknowledgments and Research Branch, Bureau of Indian Affairs) for helpful suggestions as to data sources. This research was completed while the first author was a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, and was partially supported by NSF Grant #BNS 80-01194 to CASBS Stanford.     

Stimulus differentiation versus stimulus complexity as factors affecting turnout in two-candidate and multicandidate races

Rational incentives and psychological involvement are hypothetical alternative motives for voting participation. The relationship of these alternative motives to turnout is explored in the presidential elections held between 1952 and 1976. Rational incentives as such are not more productive of turnout than other stimuli to psychological involvement in the electoral situation.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Conference on Turnout, San Diego, California, May 16–19, 1979.