从经济利益角度看我国目前的公平问题

本文从经济利益角度了,认为我国的经济利益格局已发生很大变化。由此改革的受益面缩减,贫富群体日益分化,利益性矛盾增多,效率难以进一步进高。这一切带来了公平问题前所未有的紧迫性。我们必须紧紧依据当前的经济利益关系实际,积极寻找现阶段实现公平的可能。这可以从公平原则的理解和实现公平的环节两方面着手进行。     

Molecular Pathology of Pulmonary Edema in Forensic Autopsy Cases with Special Regard to Fatal Methamphetamine Intoxication

Pulmonary edema is a common finding in fatal methamphetamine intoxication. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. This study investigated the molecular pathology of alveolar damage involving pulmonary edema in forensic autopsy cases. Seven candidate reference genes (RPL13A, YWHAZ, GUSB, SDHA, GAPDH, B2M, and ACTB) were evaluated in the lung by the geNorm module in qBase^plus software. RPL13A, YWHAZ, and GUSB were identified as the most stable reference genes. Using these validated reference genes, intrapulmonary mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), claudin‐5 (CLDN‐5), and aquaporins (AQPs) were examined. Relative mRNA quantification using TaqMan real‐time PCR assay demonstrated higher expressions of all markers except for AQP‐5 in fatal METH intoxication cases. These findings suggested alveolar damage and compensatory response in fatal METH intoxication cases. Systematic analysis of gene expressions using real‐time qPCR is a useful tool in forensic death investigation.     

残疾与歧视:——儿童生活史的个案研究

中国有超过500万的残疾儿童,其中80%生活在农村地区.很多农村的残疾儿童生活贫困.并且缺少基本的医疗、教育和提供给残疾人的服务.本文通过对江西省H县的残疾儿童个案研究发现,残疾儿童还可能遭受到来自学校、家长、同伴和社会的歧视.社会歧视对儿童的一生发展产生严重的负面影响,需要全社会的共同行动,反对歧视残疾儿童.     

乡村振兴战略下新疆城乡商贸物流融合水平测度与融合路径设计

城乡商贸与城乡物流融合发展有助于支撑乡村振兴战略的实现。本文分别构建了城乡商贸与城乡物流融合水平测度模型、路径分析模型,以测度融合水平、设计融合路径。研究表明:新疆城乡商贸和城乡物流子系统有序度整体呈现上升趋势,而复合系统融合度存在"协调-不协调"交替的特征;新疆城乡商贸与城乡物流总体上处于初级融合阶段,需要解决业务一体、空间集聚问题;乌鲁木齐市城乡商贸与城乡物流处于"业务分离、空间集聚"的中级融合阶段,需要通过"融合-分散型"→"融合-集聚型"的融合发展路径解决业务融合问题,具体措施包括鼓励商贸企业扩大物流业务外包、培育城乡商贸物流龙头企业、深入推进共同配送项目等方面。     

Nail analysis for the assessment of caffeine abuse in Northwest China: A population-based study

Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive agent worldwide and has the potential for abuse, but studies monitoring caffeine abuse in China are scarce. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of caffeine abuse in northwest China and investigate the correlation between caffeine and other drugs in hair and nails using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Fingernail clippings were collected from 376 participants in northwest China to detect caffeine and 13 other illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites. Paired hair and nail samples were collected from 39 participants to investigate the correlation between caffeine and other drugs in hair and nails. The samples were decontaminated, pulverized, and extracted by a high-throughput nail sample preparation method and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed a risk of caffeine abuse in northwest China, with concentrations ranging from 0.43 to 10.6 ng/mg for healthy volunteers, 0.49–246 ng/mg for caffeine abusers, and 0.25–363 ng/mg for drug addicts in community rehabilitation centers. Caffeine was detected together with other illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites. Furthermore, positive detection correlations were found between hair and nail samples. This study provides a current perspective on caffeine abuse in northwest China and demonstrates the practical use of UPLC-MS/MS for the simultaneous detection of caffeine and 13 illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites in hair and nails. The results highlight the potential of nails as a supplementary matrix when hair samples are unavailable and emphasize the need for handling caffeine carefully given its potential for abuse.     

论全球"普世伦理"对发展中国家利益的侵蚀

全球"普世伦理"主张全球"共同繁荣"、"全人类的利益高于一切",其实质是为西方发达资本主义国家的新殖民主义扩张服务的,充分认识和防范全球"普世伦理"对发展中国家利益的侵蚀,对于发展中国家维护自身利益具有重要的现实意义。     

宪政视野中的公民政治参与

宪政是以民主为基础,以法治为保障,以人权为终极目标的政治过程与政治状态。政治参与是公民通过一定途径与方式介入政治过程从而影响政治决策的政治行为。公民的政治参与是宪政实践的一项重要内容,对于建设社会主义法治国家,推动社会主义民主进程,最终促成社会主义政治文明有着深远的意义。     

行政强制的理论定位：冲突与选择

行政强制权扩张的必然性和公民权益受损的可能性构成了行政强制理论前提的內在张力,行政强制权的实施以不侵害公民基本权益为底线.公正和效率是行政强制价值取向的两种表现形态,但两者之间存在着矛盾和冲突,公正是行政强制首要的价值选择.行政强制法律制度的目标是限制行政强制权力,保障公民基本权利,权利本位是行政强制的根本宗旨.司法机关执行模式和行政机关执行模式各有利弊,我国现有的行政强制执行模式存在悖谬,确立法院审查行为和行政机关执行行为严格分开的制度是行政强制法律制度的理性选择.     

“风险政务”:国际状况与我国的建设方略

"风险政务"的提出源自于风险社会的国际背景和我国转型期综合风险膨胀的国情。在国际上,英国、加拿大等西方国家已将"风险政务"纳入公共管理的日常工作并发挥了实际作用。我国政府在重点防范危机风险的同时,应加大重视政务活动中的常态风险,从战略、体制、机制、标准、手段、文化等方面着手,全面构建"风险政务"体系,推动实现政府善治。     

论同步录音录像的口供功能

实践中,同步录音录像多用作视听资料,证明讯问笔录的合法性,从而忽略了它由于记录了口供及其非文字信息而具有的作为口供证据的功能。同步录音录像的口供功能包括通过查看同步录音录像,发现案件线索,找到案件侦查突破口,也包括作为口供证据直接证明犯罪事实。检察机关将同步录音录像作为口供使用可以更好地解决检察机关自侦案件证据缺乏的难题。为实现上述同步录音录像的口供功能,应当提高侦查人员分析判断同步录音录像的能力,积极将同步录音录像作为供述证据使用,避免法官在查看同步录音录像时的认知偏见等等。