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11.
Brenda T. Bradshaw BSDH MS RDH Amber W. Hunt BSDH MS RDH Emily Ludwig BSDH MS RDH Tara L. Newcomb BSDH MS RDH 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(1):154-162
Matching dental antemortem (AM) and postmortem (PM) data for human identification is especially challenging when the workforce is limited. Dental hygienists have served mass fatality incidents (MFIs) due to dental-related expertise. However, forensics within dental hygiene education and research on transferable skills is limited. This qualitative balance design study assessed senior dental hygiene students' match accuracy of simulated cases varying in dental identifiers based on AM full mouth series (FMS) radiographs and oral photographs to PM WinID3® odontograms to demonstrate possible disaster victim identification (DVI) transferable skills gained during formal education. A convenience sample of senior dental hygiene students (n = 31) was presented information on WinID3® interpretation, then presented with 5 mismatched cases and asked to visually interpret each to make 10 total matches; five based on AM FMS with simulated PM WinID3® odontograms and five based on AM photographs with PM WinID3® odontograms. Match accuracy scores ranged from 41.9% to 58.1% for cases with 1–10 identifiers, and 77.4% to 93.5% for cases with 11–40 identifiers. Accuracy when matching AM radiographs to PM odontograms versus AM photographs to PM odontograms was compared and revealed no statistical differences in match accuracy depending on image type (p = 0.388 to 1.000). Results of this pilot study suggests transferable match accuracy skills resulted from the participants' dental hygiene formal education. These baseline skills with additional specialized training support the rationale for dental hygienists serving on DVI teams. More research is needed in education and practice when preparing dental hygienists for forensic-based service. 相似文献
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Sex determination is a key analysis that forensic anthropologists perform in order to construct a biological profile of human remains. The techniques used in forensic investigations must meet the Mohan or Daubert criteria, for admissibility in a court of law. In this study, the precision and accuracy of 21 morphological characteristics of the skull were tested on a modern sample of 50 adult crania of European White ancestry. The following craniofacial features are identified as high-quality traits, defined by intraobserver error or=80%: mastoid size, supraorbital ridge size, general size and architecture, rugosity of the zygomatic extension, size and shape of the nasal aperture, and gonial angle. Ninety-six percent accuracy and 92% precision were achieved using 20 traits in combination. Fisher's exact probability tests revealed no significant differences (p=0.05) in the levels of precision or accuracy between age categories. Sex-related bias in accuracy was found for the following cranial features: ramus symphysis (p=0.009), zygomatic extension (p=0.0016), and occipital markings (p=0.0013). These traits demonstrated a greater tendency to be scored male than female. 相似文献
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Pushpa Kanagaratnam Robin Mason Ilene Hyman Lisa Manuel Helene Berman Brenda Toner 《Journal of family violence》2012,27(7):647-658
Helping women victimized by intimate partner violence (IPV) is a challenge, particularly when the women belong to diverse ethnic groups. The objective of our study was to collect information on perceptions of coping with IPV from the perspective of a specific immigrant group of women. Sixty-three women from the Tamil community in Toronto representing different generations and experiences of IPV were interviewed in focus group settings about their views of coping with IPV. Study findings suggested that their views were deeply embedded in their sociocultural context and influenced by the gender-role expectations from the community. The women showed a marked preference for “passive” modes of coping rather than “active.” Study findings have implications for the development of alternative approaches to helping ethnically diverse women deal with IPV. 相似文献
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Female recidivists speak about their experience in drug court while engaging in appreciative inquiry
Fischer M Geiger B Hughes ME 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2007,51(6):703-722
Eleven female drug-court participants looked at current and past experiences to assess their program and envision future program innovations. From these women's perspective, the strongest component of drug court was being surrounded by staff dedicated to their progress and recovery. Graduated supervision and accurate drug testing were appreciated rather than resented when the participants were not humiliated and were treated with respect. Wraparound services, resources, and referral; treatment facilities that accepted children; and individualized treatment plans and therapy with offenders who are ex-addicts, and preferably females, allowed for greater involvement and active participation in recovery. Progressing through three phases, acquiring skills, a job, and visitation rights to see their children or regaining custody, increased these women's sense of self-efficacy perception and confidence in their ability to lead a drug-free, meaningful life. Findings show the importance of qualitative criteria in evaluating drug-court participants' progress and the process of recovery. 相似文献
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Brenda Cossman 《Law & social inquiry》2013,38(4):892-919
This article explores the role of anxiety in neoliberal regimes of self‐governance, arguing that anxiety has become a technique of governance. Discourses of anxiety produce anxious subjects who undertake a range of self‐governing projects to manage and mitigate the experience. I explore anxiety governance in the environmental context of “eco‐anxiety,” motherhood, and the controversy over Bisphenol A in baby bottles. Maternal toxic vigilance, in which individual mothers assume responsibility for the environmental health of their children through better consumer choices, is a classic example of this anxiety governance. The regulatory failure of the neoliberal state reinforces this self‐governance; governments cannot be trusted to protect children from the toxins that are poisoning them, so mothers must do it themselves. Finally, notwithstanding the depoliticizing tendency of these self‐governing projects, I consider the political potential of this maternal toxic vigilance, exploring whether anxiety governance might more productively engage the political. 相似文献
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The current research examined the role of defendant and participant sex, presence or absence of expert testimony of the “battered
person syndrome”, and sexual orientation of the defendant on perceptions of guilt in a self-defense case. The role of sexism
in judgments of culpability was also examined. A sample of 442 participants read a self-defense case scenario and responded
to questions pertaining to verdict, defendant culpability, legal element ratings, and sexist attitudes. Results revealed a
four-way interaction, showing female participants prescribed the lowest guilt ratings to heterosexual female and homosexual
male defendants who received expert testimony of the battered person syndrome. When heterosexual male defendants received
expert testimony, ratings of guilt significantly increased. A multiple regression was conducted to determine whether legal
and extra-legal factors predicted defendant culpability. Sexist attitudes (benevolent sexism towards men and women) and certain
legal elements were predictive of defendant culpability. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Study findings were presented in a poster at the annual meeting of the American Psychology-Law Society (APLS), Jacksonville,
Florida (March, 2008). 相似文献