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871.
Snitching and the Code of the Street 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rosenfeld Richard; Jacobs Bruce A.; Wright Richard 《British Journal of Criminology》2003,43(2):291-309
872.
Edward C. Page 《Public administration》2003,81(4):651-679
How are government policy commitments converted into legislation and what happens in the conversion? The role of civil servants in preparing legislation is far more important than is generally assumed. By looking at the work of four recent bill teams in Britain – teams of civil servants given the task of developing Acts of Parliament – their crucial roles in initiating policies, placing them on the political agenda (even helping secure their place in a party manifesto), developing them, making sure they pass through parliament and enacting them once they have reached the statute books are assessed. The article explores the composition and working methods of bill teams. These teams work with considerable autonomy in developing legislation, but it cannot be assumed that they operate outside ministerial control. Teams see themselves as reflecting the priorities of the government in general and their ministers in particular. Yet ministers typically know relatively little about the law they are bringing in until they receive the submissions and briefings from their officials. Perhaps the biggest danger for democracy is not a civil service putting forward proposals which a minister feels forced to accept, but rather that ministers do not notice or fully appreciate what is being proposed in their name despite having the political authority to change it and a civil service which bends over backwards to consult and accommodate them. 相似文献
873.
The affirmation of radical left political ideology was examined among a total of 159 religious apostates and 272 religious believers who were undergraduates at five Chicago area colleges (study I) and seven western North Carolina colleges (study II). Contrary to current assumptions, apostates were not converts to radical ideology in any significant proportion, although they were clearly more disenchanted with their society and more sharply critical of its basic institutions. Apostates seem to take an ideological stance of critical disengagement rather than substitute conversion. Implications are discussed in the context of Erikson's theory interrelating ideological commitment and identity formation in youth.Study I was part of a doctoral dissertation by the first author at The University of Chicago.Received his B.A. from Stanford University, M.A. from Brandeis University, and Ph.D. from the Committee on Human Development, University of Chicago (1971). Main research interest is in the developmental psychology of religious faith and doubt.Received his B.A. and M.A. from the University of Chicago and his Ph.D. from the Committee on Human Development, University of Chicago. Main research interest is in the psychology of professions. 相似文献
874.
875.
Bruce A. Arrigo 《Critical Criminology》1992,4(1):13-30
Feminist legal scholars continue to raise questions concerning the nature of jurisprudence in its treatment of women. Central
to this debate are issues of knowledge, truth, and power founded on the patriarchal code of justice. This article argues that
the essentialism of the masculine system alone is entirely inadequate in speaking for the voice of women and/or for the feminine
in consciousness. By disrupting Freudian and Lacanian constructions of female sexuality through a psycho-linguistic analysis,
these insights are then applied to the works of both Carol Gilligan and Catharine MacKinnon. In doing so, it is discovered
that an uncultivated feminine discourse is grounded in experience, gatherings, consciousness-raising, and interpersonal truth.
Constituting an unadulterated code of feminine justice requires a return to imaginative discourse; a process whereby metaphors,
symbols, and myths for and about women are re-constituted and freed from misogynous language and culture. 相似文献
876.
877.
The premise of this paper is that the drug war cannot be won without the public's full commitment. Based on a random sample of households (n=532) in Belize City, public attitudes are analyzed to assess the degree of support for drug enforcement. The findings show strong support for drug education as well as for increasing criminal sanctions and the size of the police force. Support fades, however, as drug enforcement is militarized. The significant determinants of public support are education, gender, attitudes toward the police, fear of property crime, and neighborhood crime prevalence. The paper closes by offering two concrete ways to build public support for drug enforcement.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Conference in Nashville, Tennessee, March 1991. 相似文献
878.
Rural governments face a difficult task in complying with theNational Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), which requires detailedplanning, land use ordinances, and effective enforcement provisionsto reduce flood losses. This study analyzes responses from anational sample of officials in 852 nonmetropolitan NFIP communitiesand flood management officials in all fifty state governments.Rural officials perceive their overall floodplain managementprograms to be relatively effective in protecting future developmentbut less effective in protecting existing structures. Whileflood hazard mitigation is not a high priority in rural government,the national program appears to have spurred local activity.State assistance in developing local regulations and providinginformation is correlated with rural officials' perceptionsof meeting NFIP goals. Programs rated most effective are incommunities with local regulations in force, although technicalproblems and local political opposition are widely acknowledgedas obstacles to the development of land use measures. 相似文献
879.
880.
Arneklev Bruce J. Cochran John K. Gainey Randy R. 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1998,23(1):107-127
In Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990)A General Theory of Crime, criminal and analogous behaviors are argued to be the result of a stable individual psychological trait referred to as “low
self-control.” In this article, we test the proposition that low self-control is a stable characteristic. We conduct a two-wave
panel study that measures the self-reported self-control of college students at two relatively close time points. Our test
of the stability hypothesis includes conducting four separate analyses of the data (t-tests, correlations, individual change
scores, and HLM analyses). In general, we find that most of the dimensions of self-control, and the overall self-control construct,
appear to be relatively stable across this short period of time. However, given that the measurements were taken closely together
and that we do not find correlations as strong as might be expected, at points the strength of the stability is somewhat unclear.
Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Chicago, November 1996. 相似文献