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921.
Preclinical Assessment of Safety and Efficacy of Fluorescent Dye for Detecting Dermal Injuries (the injuries were both abrasions and incision) in a Murine Model
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Anthony C. Bruce M.S. Yiqi Cao B.S. Catherine Henry B.S. Shayn M. Peirce Ph.D. Kathryn Laughon Ph.D. R.N. FAAN 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(6):1493-1497
Objective documentation of tears and abrasions to the external genitalia after sexual assault is an important part of the forensic examination. A 1% aqueous solution of toluidine blue (TB) dye is often used to highlight injury, but the dye can be difficult to see on dark skin. We evaluated a fluorescent dye for detecting injuries on all skin colors in a relevant preclinical murine model. We compared the ability of trained, blinded observers to detect unstained wounds and wounds stained with 1% fluorescein sodium (FL) and with TB. We also evaluated the cutaneous wound healing response after application of both dyes. The no‐dye group had significantly fewer (p < 0.05) true‐positive identifications compared to all the dye groups. No differences in effectiveness were detected between dye treatments. All groups exhibited statistically similar healing rates. These findings support the evaluation of fluorescein sodium in a future clinical study with human subjects. 相似文献
922.
Objectives. This paper explores how offenders manage the prospect of victim confrontation during auto theft. Methods. Data were drawn from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 35 active offenders recruited from the streets of a large Midwestern US city using snowball sampling methods. Results. Two contextual domains figured prominently in the offenders’ decision-making calculus: The area around the target and the target itself. The first galvanized the offenders’ attention to, and management of, informal social control. The second enjoined offenders to balance speed and stealth in breaching the target. Conclusions. Victim confrontation is an informal sanction that is distinct from both retaliation and traditional extralegal sanctions. The rarity with which it occurs in auto theft is likely due to confrontation avoidance measures offenders adopt at the front end of the offense and during the enactment process itself. The conceptual implications of victim confrontation in crime are explored in relation to the following five areas: (1) sanction celerity and present orientation; (2) sanction certainty and ambiguity aversion; (3) sanction interdependence; (4) violence avoidance; and (5) directions for future research. 相似文献
923.
Economic and Sociological Correlates of Suicides: Multilevel Analysis of the Time Series Data in the United Kingdom
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For the effects of social integration on suicides, there have been different and even contradictive conclusions. In this study, the selected economic and social risks of suicide for different age groups and genders in the United Kingdom were identified and the effects were estimated by the multilevel time series analyses. To our knowledge, there exist no previous studies that estimated a dynamic model of suicides on the time series data together with multilevel analysis and autoregressive distributed lags. The investigation indicated that unemployment rate, inflation rate, and divorce rate are all significantly and positively related to the national suicide rates in the United Kingdom from 1981 to 2011. Furthermore, the suicide rates of almost all groups above 40 years are significantly associated with the risk factors of unemployment and inflation rate, in comparison with the younger groups. 相似文献
924.
925.
Recent work suggests that violence among people with mental illnesses is not simply due to the symptoms and comorbidities that define mental illness. We further this work by examining the extent to which strains or stressors explain the link between mental illness and violence. Specifically, we apply general strain theory (GST) to a longitudinal sample of adults with mental illnesses to investigate the lagged effects on violence of several strain measures, while controlling for mental illness symptoms, substance abuse, past violence, and other key variables. Parental drug abuse from childhood and stressful life events across the life course predict violence in adulthood. In a prospective model, relationship strain from an earlier time period significantly predicts changes in later self-reported violence. The results shed light on the ability of criminological frameworks to explain violence among people with mental illnesses. 相似文献
926.
I. Bruce Frumkin 《Psychological injury and law》2016,9(2):97-101
Interrogative suggestibility and other psychological vulnerabilities are often assessed in the forensic criminal context in disputed confession cases. Such an assessment may also be relevant in disputing the validity of a confession by a plaintiff in a tort claim. This paper will outline the relevancy of suggestibility in the personal injury context, the reasons why an individual may falsely confess, how interrogative techniques may increase the likelihood of a false confession, false confession and suggestibility research, and methodology to be used in assessing vulnerability to falsely confessing. 相似文献
927.
Science Use in Regulatory Impact Analysis: The Effects of Political Attention and Controversy
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Scholars, policy makers, and research sponsors have long sought to understand the conditions under which scientific research is used in the policy‐making process. Recent research has identified a resource that can be used to trace the use of science across time and many policy domains. U.S. federal agencies are mandated by executive order to justify all economically significant regulations by regulatory impact analyses (RIAs), in which they present evidence of the scientific underpinnings and consequences of the proposed rule. To gain new insight into when and how regulators invoke science in their policy justifications, we ask: does the political attention and controversy surrounding a regulation affect the extent to which science is utilized in RIAs? We examine scientific citation activity in all 101 economically significant RIAs from 2008 to 2012 and evaluate the effects of attention—from the public, policy elites, and the media—on the degree of science use in RIAs. Our main finding is that regulators draw more heavily on scientific research when justifying rules subject to a high degree of attention from outside actors. These findings suggest that scientific research plays an important role in the justification of regulations, especially those that are highly salient to the public and other policy actors. 相似文献
928.
Bruce Western 《Society》2007,44(5):30-36
The US imprisonment rate increased fivefold in the three decades from 1975 to 2005. Growth in the scale of criminal punishment
was linked partly to a more punitive politics that repudiated the goal of rehabilitation, and partly to the collapse of economic
opportunity for young unskilled men in inner cities. The growth of the penal system produced extraordinary rates of incarceration
among recent cohorts of young black men with little schooling. We can understand the growth of incarceration to produce and
erosion of citizenship among young black men, weakening the web of mutual obligation that defines full membership in American
society.
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Bruce WesternEmail: |
929.
930.
Amy Dellinger Page 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2007,22(1):22-32
The current study contributes to what is known about police officers’ attitudes toward rape. A survey was administered to
891 sworn police officers in two states in the southeastern United States. The surveys were designed to assess police officers’
acceptance of rape myths. It was hypothesized that police officers would be accepting of rape myths, which are inherently
misogynistic. Attitudes toward rape were expected to vary according to educational attainment and experience with rape investigations,
such that higher levels of education and more experience with rape investigations would lead to the rejection of rape myths.
There was a significant difference in the acceptance of rape myths with varying levels of educational attainment and experience
with rape investigations.
Amy Dellinger Page is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at Appalachian State University. Dr. Dellinger Page has written in the areas of gender, sexuality and criminology and focuses her research on violence against women and issues of inequality in the larger society. 相似文献
Amy Dellinger PageEmail: |
Amy Dellinger Page is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at Appalachian State University. Dr. Dellinger Page has written in the areas of gender, sexuality and criminology and focuses her research on violence against women and issues of inequality in the larger society. 相似文献