Public Service 2000 Service to the Public Task Force: findings and implications

Abstract: A government organization setting out to improve its quality of service must, first of all, recognize that the meaning and scope of service in government differ in significant respects from those provided by private sector organizations. Federal government departments and agencies serve a variety of external and internal clients, ranging from the elected government to the general public. Although some services are analogous to those provided by businesses, and much can be learned from the service innovations of the private sector, the enforcement of regulations and other public functions are peculiar to government. Furthermore, the nature of government service and its availability to citizens are shaped by such requirements as entitlement and equity or equal benefits, which are not pre-eminent factors in the private sector. An essential prerequisite to better service is a result-oriented corporate “culture.” Quality service to the public requires that public service organizations understand the concepts of empowerment, delegation, and decentralization in the context of a change from command and control systems to front line empowerment. The limits of delegation and decentralization need to be recognized. Other vital ingredients are adequate rewards and recognition, effective consultative systems and service monitoring. These changes, most of which lead in the direction of risk-taking, will require a measure of personal adaptation by managers now in the service. Sommaire: Touted organization governmental qui entreprend d'améliorer la qualité; de ses services doit, tout d'abord, reconnoiters que la nature et la portée des services gouvernementaux different à bien des égards de celles des services offerts par le secteur privé. Les ministères et organismes fédéraux sont au service d'une variété de clients externes et internes, allant du gouvernement élu au grand public. Bien sûr, certains services gouvernementaux sont analogues à ceux de I'entreprise privée, et I'on peut tirer maintes leqons de ce secteur, mais la mise en oeuvre de la réglementation et l'aspect public des services sont propres au gouvernement. En outre, la nature même des services gouvernementaux et leur prestation aux citoyens sont fonction de critères comme le droit aux services, l'équité ou I'égalité des avantages sociaux, facteurs qui ne prédomi-nent guère dans le secteur privé. Une condition essentielle à I'amélioration des services gouvernementaux est une « uculture » corporative axde sur l'obtention de résultats. Pour que les services au public soient de qualité, les organisations publiques doivent com-prendre les concepts de dotation et, de délégation de pouvoirs et de décentralisation, le tout s'inscrivant dans un contexte de renonciation des systèmes de commande et de contrôle au profit des services de première ligne. Les limites de la délégation de pouvoirs et de la décentralisation doivent être reconnues. Autres facteurs vitaux: un processes adequat d'encouragement et de récompense, un systkme eficace de consultation et une surveillance de la qualité des services. Tous ces changements, dont la plupart mettent en jeu un certain facteur-risque, exigeront une adaptation personnelle des cadres en foiiction.     

Observations and statistics relating to suicide weapons

The weapon at the scene of a suicide provides a resource in addressing such questions as frequency of blood in or on the weapon, location of the weapon with respect to the body, and evidence of firearm discharge residues on the hand. The first 195 weapons were tested for blood by a technique different from the following 202 weapons. Results were obtained which caused procedural changes in blood detection. Data are presented for frequency of blood in and on the muzzle of weapons, relative frequency of location of suicidal gunshot wound, and percent "positive" findings of gunshot residue metals on the hands. It was found that suicidal gunshot wounds were 3 times more frequent to the head than the chest, and that no significant difference was noted between males and females in this study. Scene photographs reveal that the suicide weapon is in or resting on the hand of the decedent 20% of the time with handguns and 11% of the time with long guns.     

Evolution of Political Branding: Typologies,Diverse Settings and Future Research

Political branding has developed into an established and vibrant sub-discipline of political marketing. Indeed, political branding research continues to push boundaries by critically applying consumer based branding theories, concepts and frameworks to the political environment. Recently, political branding scholars have segmented research into different categories such as corporate, candidate, leader, local-regional, internal or external in orientation. Despite this development, there continues to be limited research on alternative or different typologies of political brands. This study reaffirms political branding as a distinct area of research and discusses how political brands can be conceptualised and operationalised. Further, drawing on seven empirical and conceptual papers, which focus on different typologies of political brands from a range of international contexts including Canada, USA, Iceland, Indonesia and India, we reflect on the current political branding environment. We conclude that there are multiple relationships and numerous interconnected political brands, which represent an intricate environment or ecosystem. This study offers academics and political actors guidance on how to conceptualise political brands and provides a starting point to map out the ecosystems of political brands. Finally, this study provides explicit calls for further research in political branding.     

Stressful Childhood Experiences and Clinical Outcomes in People with Serious Mental Illness: a Gender Comparison in a Clinical Psychiatric Sample

Objective: This study examines stressful childhood experiences (SCE) including childhood abuse and family context in a cohort of 183 people diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) and compares gender specific rates of SCE and clinical outcome variables. Methods: 111 men and 72 women with SMI were interviewed regarding SCE and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, dissociative symptoms, risk for self-harm, and adult re-victimization. Results: Both genders endorse high rates of SCE. Cumulative SCE (the sum of seven SCE) are linked to increased levels of all four outcome variables after adjusting for demographic factors. Conclusions: The study addresses the need to assess cumulative SCE in a population with SMI and its effects on clinical outcomes in both genders.