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271.
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Syn CK Chuah SY Ang HC Lim SE Tan-Siew WF Chow ST Budowle B 《Forensic science international》2005,152(2-3):285-288
Allele frequencies for the 13 CODIS STR loci included in the AmpFISTR Profiler Plus and AmpFISTR Cofiler kits (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA) were determined in a sample of 209 unrelated Chinese in Singapore. The combined random match probability for the 13 loci is about 6.6 x10(-15) and the overall probability of excluding paternity is 0.9999899. The results demonstrate that the loci are useful for forensic human identification and parentage testing for the Chinese population in Singapore. 相似文献
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This study analyzed 271 actual police cases in order to address several prevalent issues in the eyewitness literature. Suspect identification (SI) rates were obtained for 289 photographic lineups, 258 field showups, 58 live lineups, and 66 lineup identifications preceded by earlier identifications. SI rates were assessed for 3 levels of extrinsic evidence: no extrinsic evidence, evidence of minimal probative value, and evidence of substantial probative value. The SI rates for the photographic lineups were assessed as a function of delay, same vs. cross-race conditions, witness type, and weapon presence. SI rates declined significantly over time; SI rates were significantly greater for the same-race condition. SI rates were much greater for field showups than photographic lineups, 76% vs. 48%. The SI rates for the field showups did not vary as a function of eyewitness conditions. The relation between confidence and suspect/foil identifications for the live lineups was significant and moderately high. The utility of archival identification studies for eyewitness testimony research is discussed. 相似文献
277.
Wheatley BP 《Journal of forensic sciences》2008,53(1):69-72
The determination of perimortem trauma is important for forensic anthropologists. Characteristics of bone fractures such as sharp edges, presence of fracture lines, the shape of the broken ends, fracture surface morphology, fracture angle on the Z-axis, and butterfly fractures are said to differentiate perimortem from postmortem trauma. A Drop Weight Impact Test Machine was used to break 76 deer femora of various ages since death. The results of this study suggest that the characteristics listed above are unreliable at differentiating a perimortem fracture from a postmortem fracture in a forensic case. There are, however, statistically significant differences between fresh bones broken less than 4 days old and dry bones broken 44 days or 1 year old after death. 相似文献
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Chaos theory (or complex systems science, CSS) has made considerable inroads across a range of social science disciplines,
including criminology. However, little has been done to assess the relevance of chaos theory for advancing a philosophical
criminology. This task is significant because it tells us something about where, how, and why most modernist theories of crime
are of limited utility when advancing the interests of justice and humanism in society. Accordingly, this article outlines
the essential features of a philosophical criminology, including its commitments to ontology, epistemology, aesthetics, and
ethics. Moreover, the contexts in which several key chaos theory principles such as iteration, sensitive dependence on initial
conditions, bifurcations, attractors, fractal space, and dissipative structures function to promote a philosophical criminology
are explored. A number of implications stemming from this analysis for purposes of critical theory building in law, crime,
and justice studies are provisionally delineated.
相似文献
Bruce A. ArrigoEmail: |
280.
Joseph T. Hefner Ph.D. Marin A. Pilloud Ph.D. Cullen J. Black M.Sc. Bruce E. Anderson Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(5):1135-1139
This study evaluates population variation of eight cranial morphoscopic traits using samples of known southwest Hispanics (n = 72), Guatemalans (n = 106), American Blacks (n = 146), and American Whites (n = 218). We applied the support vector machine (SVM) method to build a prediction model based on a subsample (20%) of the data; the remainder of the data was used as a test sample. The SVM approach effectively differentiated between the four groups with correct classification rates between 72% (Guatemalan group) and 94% (American Black group). However, when the Guatemalan and southwest Hispanic samples were pooled, the same model correctly classified all groups with a higher degree of accuracy (American Black = 96%; American White = 77%; and the pooled Hispanic sample = 91%). This study also identified significant differences between the two Hispanic groups in six of the eight traits using univariate statistical tests. These results speak to the unique population histories of these samples and the current use of the term “Hispanic” within forensic anthropology. Finally, we argue that the SVM can be used as a classification model for ancestry estimation in a forensic context and as a diagnostic tool may broaden the application of morphoscopic trait data for the assessment of ancestry. 相似文献