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161.
Bruce G. Peabody 《Law & social inquiry》2004,29(1):127-175
Through theoretically informed inquiry into congressional attitudes toward the Constitution and the courts as well as survey research of two modem Congresses, this study considers the prospects and implications of a more salient legislative role in constitutional affairs. By analyzing survey responses from the 86th (1959–61) and 106th (1999–2001) Congresses, and the political context in which these views were formed, this essay explores the legislature's evolving conception of its role and capacities as a constitutional interpreter. Among other findings, Congress demonstrates a persistent and somewhat surprising interest in asserting an independent, distinctive constitutional voice, although it has somewhat conflicted and underdeveloped views about how to achieve this objective. While this essay points to significant barriers to fostering a coherent and forceful congressional presence in constitutional decision making, it also suggests institutional organizations and strategies that may be promising bases for promoting this goal. 相似文献
162.
Bruce M. Koppel 《East Asia》1993,12(3):3-33
Southeast Asia’s recent rapid economic development and the continuing growth of the middle class have both encouraged expectations
about the inevitability of democratic political development. These expectations follow from considerable theorizing in the
United States and Europe, but they may not be well-based on Southeast Asian political, economic, social, or cultural realities.
There are serious democratic forces in Southeast Asia, but in most cases they are in a delicate balance with state, business,
and class interests which may have only limited tolerance for democratic growth. Moreover, serious and persistent patterns
of unequal economic development raise questions about the scope of any political democratization. Finally, the complexity
of democratization issues in Southeast Asia means that outsiders, notably aid donors and foundations, must be very careful
not to set back democratic development in Southeast Asia through well-intended but ill-conceived intervention. 相似文献
163.
This article analyzes the division of the total income and surplus generated along the coffee commodity chain during the period
1971–1995. Until the late 1980s, coffee growers and producing states retained over a third of the total income and about half
of the total surplus that was available. This was due in part to the collective actions of coffee-producing states, which
led to the imposition of a regulatory regime involving export quotas, creating rents for the producing countries. By the late
1980s, coffee TNCs had consolidated their control over core markets, and began to use their market power to increase their
shares of both income and surplus. This shift was greatly accelerated by the breakdown of the export quota regime in 1989.
The article concludes that these results necessitate a reformulation of commodity chain analysis.
John M. Talbot received his doctorate in sociology from UC, Berkeley, this year. His dissertation is titled “Grounds for Agreement:
The Political Economy of the Coffee Commodity Chain.”
This is a revised version of a paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Washington,
D.C., August 19–23, 1995. Portions of this analysis were also presented at the annual meeting of the Pacific Sociological
Association, San Francisco, April 6–8, 1995. 相似文献
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This article examines American federalism through the prismof the surface transportation program, one of the nation's largestgrant-in-aid programs. No matter how pragmatic or intense thedesire to express assessments in simple terms, federalism isa time-sensitive reflection of our collective experiential understanding.Facts, values, hypotheses, and concepts are derived from thiscollective understanding. The experience of the surface transportationprogram under ISTEA and TEA21 illustrates the challengeof achieving a clear picture of federalism when radical changesoccur. ISTEA and TEA21 have significantly altered traditionalintergovernmental relationships, particularly as the federalrole in transportation appears to have become more ambiguousthan at any time in the past 45 years. Thus, at the outset ofthe twenty-first century, the federal role in transportationis shifting, becoming far less focused. Other goals are emerging,leading the federal transportation role to become more of ameans to an end than the central focal point. 相似文献
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D. Bruce Hicks 《政策研究评论》1990,9(3):471-484
Two models of foreign-policy making, the bureaucratic politics model and the royal court model, are helpful in explaining U.S. arms sales to Iran in 1985 and in 1986. The bureaucratic politics model is particularly useful in clarifying both the positions taken by the leaders of the foreign policy bureaucracy to the arms sales proposals and the behavior of these officials as the sales were implemented. However, the royal court model best ac- counts for the decisive role of the president and the deference given to those advisers perceived to be acting in his interests. 相似文献
170.