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R. Enrique Varela Carl F. Weems Steven L. Berman Lauren Hensley Maria Clara Rodriguez de Bernal 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(4):429-440
Latin American youth in the United States tend to report more internalizing symptoms than white non-Latino youth, yet little
is known about the factors that may contribute to such differences. The present study examined the role that anxiety sensitivity,
gender, and ethnic minority status may play in the expression of internalizing symptoms across Latin American adolescents
(n = 116) and white non-Latino adolescents (n = 72) in the United States and Colombian adolescents in Colombia (n = 163). Results provide evidence that because fear of anxiety related phenomena and physiological symptoms of anxiety in
particular may be normative in Latino culture anxiety sensitivity does not amplify somatic complaints for Latin American and
Colombian youth as it does for white non-Latino youth. Results further suggest that anxiety sensitivity and being female predicted
anxiety and depressive symptoms independent of cultural background. Implications of the findings to our understanding of cultural
variability in internalizing symptoms are discussed.
R. Enrique Varela, PhD, is an assistant professor of psychology at Tulane University. He received his PhD from the University
of Kansas Clinical Child Psychology Program. His research interests are cross cultural manifestations of childhood anxiety
and parenting practices in Latin American families. He is also interested in adherence issues in chronically ill children.
Carl F. Weems, PhD, is an associate professor of psychology at the University of New Orleans. He received his PhD from Florida
International University and did post doctoral work at Stanford Medical School. His research focuses on the developmental
psychopathology of anxiety and depression. In particular, his research integrates developmental, cognitive, biological and
behavioral theories in attempting to understand the etiology and course of internalizing disorders in childhood. Special areas
of interest include the assessment and treatment of childhood anxiety disorders, the role of cognitive behavioral development,
brain function, and cognitive processing in anxiety and depression.
Steven L. Berman, PhD, is an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Central Florida. He received his PhD from
Florida International University. His research interests are identity development including associated anxiety and distress,
cross-national comparisons, and the development of identity interventions.
Lauren Hensley, MS, is a graduate student in psychology at Tulane University. Her main research interest is anxiety development,
with a focus on anxiety sensitivity and children’s responses to traumatic events.
Maria Clara Rodriguez de Bernal, MS, is an assistant professor of psychology at Universidad de la Sabana, Bogota, Colombia.
Her research interests are in the area of program evaluation dealing with anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder
in particular. 相似文献
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The present study analyzes the mental-health consequences of stress in a sample of 1,038 adolescents (526 females and 512 males) from a Canadian prairie city. The study examined the relationship between perceived stress in family, school, and peer-group situations and four measures of psychological well-being, i.e., anxiety, depression, social dysfunction, and anergia. The moderator effects of locus of control orientation (mastery) on stress-outcome relationships were also examined, as were the sex differences in health and the perception of stress. All three sources of stress were found to be related to the four measures of mental health, with family stress having the strongest negative health impact. The health-protective role of locus of control was limited for the large part to the stresses emanating from school and peer groups. Substantial sex differences were found in the perception of family- and peer-related stresses as well as in levels of psychological distress. A tentative explanation of these differences was examined with reference to prevailing structural conditions and differences in locus of control orientation, with female adolescents showing greater externality. Implications of the results are drawn for the long-standing debate on the relative impact of stress and its sources on adolescents' psychosocial development and for a current controversy in adolescent theory between proponents of classical and proponents of empirical conceptions of adolescence.The data analyzed in this paper were originally collected for a study entitled The Quality of Student Life carried out by the Applied Research Unit (J. A. Lischeron, principal investigator). Data collection was greatly facilitated by the cooperation of the Saskatoon Public Board of Education and the Saskatoon Catholic Board of Education. This access and cooperation are gratefully acknowledged. Further analysis and interpretation of study data have been facilitated by the Psychiatric Services Branch, Saskatchewan Health, and a career support award to Carl D'Arcy from Health and Welfare Canada. The interpretation of data and comments in this paper are solely those of the authors. 相似文献
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Torfinn Beer MD Anders Eriksson MD PhD Carl Johan Wingren MD PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(2):518-523
Fatal intoxications with opioids are known to be associated with an increased lung weight, as well as with brain and pulmonary edema and urinary retention. However, there is evidence to suggest that fatal intoxications with non-opioid substances are also associated with increased lung weight; however, the latter aspect has not been comprehensively analyzed. To determine to what extent opioid and non-opioid substances are associated with increased lung and brain weight, we studied these organs in cases where the cause of death was attributed to intoxication with a single agent. Using data from cases autopsied at the National Board of Forensic Medicine (NBFM) in Sweden from 2009 through 2019 where the cause of death was attributed to a single substance, we created models of combined lung weight and brain weight. The models used age and sex as predictors as well as nested varying effects for the specific intoxicant and category of intoxicant. Suicidal hanging with negative toxicology cases served as controls. The population majority was male among both intoxications (68%) and controls (83%). The most common single substance group was opioids. All tested substances were associated with heavier lungs than controls, with the largest effect in the opioid group. Our findings show that several substances are associated with increased lung weight and that among intoxication deaths there is no difference in expected brain weight between substances. Hence, heavy lungs, without a reasonable explanation, should prompt a broad toxicological screening. 相似文献
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Carl Middleton Jeremy Allouche 《The international spectator : a quarterly journal of the Istituto affari internazionali》2016,51(3):100-117
The countries sharing the Lancang-Mekong River are entering a new era of hydropolitics with a growing number of hydropower dams throughout the basin. Three ‘powersheds’, conceptualised as physical, institutional and political constructs that connect dams to major power markets in China, Thailand and Vietnam, are transforming the nature–society relations of the watershed. In the process, new conditions are produced within which the region’s hydropolitics unfold. This is epitomised by the ‘Lancang-Mekong Cooperation’ framework, a new initiative led by China that proposes programs on both economic and water resource development, and anticipates hydrodiplomacy via China’s dam-engineered control of the headwaters. 相似文献