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171.
172.
Carol A. Smith 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(3):60-95
In this paper I discuss the way in which rural artisans in one municipio of Guatemala organize production and how this organization impedes the differentiation of the artisanal population into owners and workers. I show that categories of owners and workers exist in the municipio, but that these categories do not reproduce themselves as classes; instead, they reproduce each other through the life cycle. In order to explain this phenomenon, I look at internal relations of production, the external environment of large‐scale capital, and the role of migration and the stale in the creation of a permanent Guatemalan proletariat and in the creation of an undifferentiated artisanal economy. 相似文献
173.
Pari Baumann 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(4):96-123
In the last ten years, the definition of the national interest in forest policy in India has changed. Before 1988, the national interest had been defined as industrial forestry. Since 1988, the priorities are conservation and meeting local subsistence needs. This reorientation in policy has developed alongside a populist critique of the ideology of development in colonial and post‐independence forest management. This article examines why populism persists as an explanation for environment‐society interaction and the consequences of this for meeting local needs. It is argued that populist explanations have allowed the state to retain final control over the distribution of benefit streams from forests and respond to local demands with accommodative policy statements. 相似文献
174.
Carol E. Morgan 《Women's history review》2013,22(3):367-389
Abstract While scholars have emphasised the positioning of women as wives and mothers in working-class culture in late nineteenth-century England, their position in the workforce remained significant, even in such disparate industries as cotton and chain-making. In the former, while excluded from spinning, women's employment in powerloom weaving brought them into the heart of the production process, encouraging their participation in workplace struggles and ultimately influencing a transformation in the working-class family in terms of fertility control. In chain-making, while some male workers attempted to position women in the domestic sphere, others were dependent on their labour. Cultural constructions of gender were thus undermined, as the struggle for the minimum wage superseded attempts to remove women from the workforce. In neither industry was equality between men and women realised, while antagonism on the basis of gender persisted. Yet women's identification with their work remained evident while mutuality across gender lines was also apparent, as women themselves played an active role in the shaping of gender relations. Conceptions of gender, as they intersected with particular labour market structures, thus came under duress. Consequently, a more complex picture of gender in working-class life emerges than an analysis which privileges cultural constructions would allow. 相似文献
175.
176.
Beatrice Yorker Susan Kelley Deborah Whitley Andrew Lewis Jennifer Magis Amy Bergeron Carol Napier 《Juvenile & family court journal》1998,49(2):15-26
The phenomenon of grandparents raising grandchildren has increased significantly over the past two decades. The literature documents that health, financial, and legal worries top the list of concerns for grandparents who raise grandchildren. The authors describe the results of a multidisciplinary study that provides home visitation with social, nursing, legal, and educational support to grandparents raising grandchildren in parent absent households. This article examines the custodial relationships of one hundred and sixty-three children being raised in sixty-eight families headed by grandparents in an urban population in the South. The data showed that of the 163 children, 70 were in the guardianship of their grandparents, 40 of the children had no legal relationship with their grandparents, 28 were in the custody of the State Department of Family and Children's Services, 21 were in the temporary custody of their grandparents, and four were adopted by their grandparents. Recommendations from this study include educating service providers and grandparents raising grandchildren regarding the potential financial benefits under Title IVE adoption assistance and supporting legislative reform to increase the stability of intergenerational kinship care. This project demonstrates an innovative approach of combining university-based research with multidisciplinary education while providing cost-effective support services through a partnership with the community. 相似文献
177.
Kristine Kinder Carol Veneziano Michael Fichter Henry Azuma 《Juvenile & family court journal》1995,46(3):37-42
Abstract In recent years, the transfer of juveniles to adult courts has been seen as one way of “getting tough” on juvenile crime. This study examined juvenile cases transferred to adult court, and compared them with a random sample of delinquents adjudicated in juvenile court for conduct that would constitute felonies if committed by an adult. The results indicated that juvenile cases transferred to adult court were far more likely to be pending and unresolved, as compared to the sample from the juvenile justice system. Furthermore, the results did not support the proposition that juveniles transferred to adult court would receive greater punishment than they could expect in juvenile court. Except for a small number of offenders, the prospect of transfer did not appear to provide a deterrent to crime. 相似文献
178.
Carol Smart 《Family Court Review》2002,40(3):307-319
This article considers the sudden rush of enthusiam to hear children's voices in divorce proceedings in countries such as the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, and elsewhere and points to the problems that are likely to occur if the family law system really does mean to treat children seriously. It argues that children give complex accounts that may not fit neatly into either adult or legal agendas. Notwithstanding the difficulties that flow from this development, it is argued that it is essential to include children's understandings in the formulation of future policy and practice. 相似文献
179.
Moral reasoning and development have been the focus of considerable research in the past two decades, stimulated primarily
by Kohlberg’s formulation of the stages of moral development. Studies of juvenile delinquents have indicated that youthful
offenders are at lower developmental stages of moral reasoning than their nondeliquent counterparts. Some research has also
examined patterns among juvenile delinquents with respect to moral judgments, as it is recognized that they are heterogeneous
as a group. In order to further examine correlates of moral judgments among juvenile delinquents, a sample of 411 adolescent
offenders was obtained. The sample consisted of all adjudicated male delinquents aged twelve to fifteen admitted to a state
training school over a sixteen month period of time. Data was obtained on a measure of moral judgment, the Morality-Immorality
Scale (Baker, Stewart, Kaiser, Brown & Barclay, 1979), along with a variety of measures of personality, behavioral, social,
intellectual and educational skills. The adolescents were divided into three groups based on their scores on the MIS. The
highest scoring group on MIS had better scores on a variety of behavioral, intellectual and personality indicators, while
the lowest scoring group had the worst scores on such measures. Moral-religious emphasis in the home was not associated with
the scores on the Morality-Immorality Scale, but a measure of family pathology was negatively related to these scores. Implications
of the findings for research and for the development of moral education programs for delinquents is discussed. 相似文献
180.
This study examined the relationship between alcohol, sex-related alcohol expectancies, and sexual assaults among women college
students. Participants completed measures of sexual behaviors, sexual victimization experiences, sex related alcohol expectancies,
and drinking habits. Based on participants’ responses women were categorized as having experienced no assault, unwanted sexual
contact, sexual coercion, attempted rape, and rape. It was observed across groups that relative to controls, women reporting
attempted rape and rape consumed higher levels of alcohol. Within group comparisons revealed that relative to controls, victimized
women endorsed higher levels of sex-related alcohol expectancies. In the prediction of severity of sexual victimization, regression
analyses revealed an interaction between alcohol consumption and expectancy of vulnerability to sexual coercion. At higher
levels of alcohol consumption women endorsing high vulnerability to sexual coercion experienced more severe victimatization.
Implications of the findings are discussed.
This work was conducted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree by the first author
under the direction of the third author. 相似文献