Clinical Challenges in Addressing Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) with Pregnant and Parenting Adolescents

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been identified as a significant issue for pregnant and parenting adolescents. This study thematically analyzed data from focus groups with service providers (n?=?43) who work with pregnant and parenting adolescents to learn about barriers and strategies for addressing IPV. Service providers described four primary barriers to addressing IPV with their adolescent clients: adolescent clients?? definitions of love, intergenerational relationship patterns, cultural norms about gender and violence, and developmental-contextual considerations. Service providers also indicated that they respond to adolescents?? IPV related concerns by taking steps to identify IPV, building working relationships, and taking appropriate follow-up action. Results suggest that providers can benefit from increased training and skill development in working with IPV, as well as working in interdisciplinary, collaborative teams to increase effectiveness with challenging cases. Programs should consider integrating IPV prevention initiatives that target broader social norms. Future research should pilot and test the effectiveness of targeted IPV training and programmatic interventions with service providers who work with this population.     

中、日、韩潜在产出的估计与比较分析

利用生产函数方法对中、日、韩三国的潜在产出进行估计,并以潜在产出为基础对三国的经济进行比较分析,其研究结果表明,从人均实际产出和潜在产出水平看,中国与日本和韩国的差距较大,并且日本整体水平最高,韩国增长最快;三国的产出缺口变动与景气波动基本一致,中国的一致效果相对较差,韩国的一致效果相对较好;从三国各要素对潜在经济增长的贡献来看,三国资本和劳动的贡献率均呈下降趋势,中国和韩国的TFP贡献率呈上升趋势,而日本的TFP贡献率呈下降趋势。     

白毛夏枯草镇咳祛痰有效部位的初步筛选

目的 初步筛选中药白毛夏枯草镇咳、祛痰作用的化学部位.方法 分别用浓度为95%的乙醇和50%的乙醇回流提取白毛夏枯草,合并提取液,浓缩至浸膏,依次采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取得到3个部位;采用浓氨水引咳法观察小鼠咳嗽次数、引咳潜伏期;气管酚红法观察小鼠气管段酚红排出比较白毛夏枯草3个部位的药理活性.结果 乙酸乙酯提取物具有明显的镇咳作用,并使小鼠酚红排出量明显增加.结论 白毛夏枯草中起镇咳、祛痰作用的有效部位集中在乙酸乙酯提取物部位.     

Gender targets and trickle-down effects: Avoiding the ‘decoupling dynamics’ that limit female representation in senior roles

Women constitute the majority of the Australian public sector workforce, but their representation in senior roles is not proportional. Australian public services have gender targets to improve the representation of women in senior roles. Based on previous research, targets are expected to first increase female representation at the target's focal level, such as executive level. Then they should initiate a trickle-down effect (TDE), increasing female representation at the level immediately below the target's focal level, such as the executive feeder level. However, the TDE observed in a state public service decelerated after a gender target was imposed. We identified whether individual departments had a consistent or inconsistent TDE and conducted 13 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. Too many service-wide targets with low prioritisation of a gender target, as well as missing and ineffective practices, generated decoupling dynamics. Only departments with gender champions who had visible backing from the Chief Executive were able to keep the gender target coupled with practice to achieve its intended outcomes.

Points for practitioners

• Gender targets in Australian public services may not be achieving intended outcomes due to decoupling—a response to policies in which the policies are ignored and/or ineffective practices are implemented.
• Too many competing targets and limited accountability for achieving a gender target create a potential for decoupling by allowing individuals and groups to ignore or weakly adopt the policy.
• Integrated bundles of top-down (e.g. requiring at least two women on shortlists) and bottom-up practices (e.g. mentoring) can help avoid decoupling by ensuring women are appointed to senior roles and supported to progress through an organisation.
• Chief Executives are key to ensuring a gender target remains coupled with its implementation; Chief Executives must provide visible support to internal champions to make gender targets effective.

     

法律实证研究中的实验方法

实验方法是指通过实验的方式控制一个或多个变量的变化来评估对一个或多个变量产生的效应,进而揭示事物或现象的本质或规律的方法。在法律研究中运用实验方法对于扩展法律研究的范围、推进法律研究与法律实践的深层次结合、提高法律完善与改革的效度都具有巨大的推动作用。同时,由于法律的特殊属性,在法律领域运用实验方法也具有一定的局限性,需要在研究过程中加以弥补。     

断血流提取物中总皂苷的含量测定

目的测定断血流提取物中总皂苷的含量并进行方法学考察。方法采用紫外分光光度法测定断血流中总皂苷的含量。结果断血流皂苷A含量在134.6~673.0μg范围内与吸收度呈良好线性关系,A=0.537 6c-0.013 6(r=0.998 8),总皂苷平均回收率为100.2%,RSD=1.3%。结论紫外分光光度法测定结果准确可靠,重复性好,可用于断血流提取物中总皂苷的质量控制。     

针刺治疗失眠焦虑抑郁状态30例

目的观察针刺对失眠焦虑抑郁状态的疗效。方法将60例失眠焦虑抑郁状态患者随机分为针刺组和对照组，每组30例，分别采用针刺和舒乐安定治疗，疗程4周。治疗前后分别对两组患者进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（Pittsburgh sleep quality index，PSQI）问卷、抑郁自评量表（self-rating depression scale，SDS）、焦虑自评量表（self—rating anxiety scale，SAS）评定。结果针刺组和对照组治疗前SDS、SAS评分显著高于国内常模（P〈0．05）；治疗后针刺组PSQI、SDS和SAS显著低于治疗前（P〈0．01），对照组PSQI和SAS评分也显著低于治疗前（P〈0．01），且针刺组SDS评分显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论针刺对失眠及伴有的抑郁状态具有较好疗效，值得推广应用。