'Intemperate and Unchaste': Jean Rhys and Caribbean Creole Identity

In this article, Carr examines Jean Rhys's ambivalent feelings about her West Indian origins. She looks at the problems both she and others have had in deciding whether her work can be truly considered to belong to the category of Caribbean literature. The difficulty lies not just in her expatriate existence or European themes, but goes back to her position as a white Caribbean Creole woman, the descendant of slave-owners. Carr looks at the traditional representations of the Creole woman, and suggest that the characteristics assigned to Bertha Mason in Jane Eyre , 'intemperate and unchaste', persisted to Jean Rhys's day, and that all her fiction, even when not explicitly Caribbean, can be seen to write back to such representations. When Rhys arrived in England, she was immediately identified as Other because of her Caribbean accent, something that marked her out as disturbingly associated with non-white West Indians; in England, she was no longer really white, although back in the Caribbean her whiteness made her unacceptable to so many of her fellow Dominicans. Much of the power of her fiction comes from her knowledge of the violent scars left in the Caribbean by the colonial past, and her own experience of the prejudices and oppressions of a hierarchical metropolitan society. In particular, if it had not been for her stigmatization as the always racially dubious West Indian when she reached England, her insight into the injustices of metropolitan and colonial society might never have been so acute.     

Menu of best practices in technology transfer (Part 2)

This menu accompanies the paper on the previous pages—“Doing Technology Transfer in Federal Laboratories (Part 1)”—and compiles best practices in technology transfer as defined by the institutions that use them. It is based on interviews with technology-transfer professionals in federal laboratories and universities. It highlights best practices in organizing the technology-transfer function, involving the science and technology staffs, capturing intellectual property, evaluating and patenting intellectual property, marketing technologies, preparing technologies for commercialization, transferring technology locally, using technology-transfer intermediaries, and using technology-search programs. The menu ends with a collection of conventional wisdom about technology transfer.     

The Siren’s Song: Federalism and the Cops grants

The federalization of crime control has become a focal point for criminal justice researchers. Because the federal government is limited in how it can affect crime, it often assumes the role of funding agent to state or local governments and places restrictions on the use of these monies. Generally, no consideration is given to state or local concerns. As a result, national crime control policy often becomes mired in issues of federalism. One unintended consequence is the creation of a Siren’s Song, where state and local agencies simply pursue funding dollars to expand their budgets rather than to adopt beneficial policies or make meaningful changes. This paper illustrates this point by examining the federal “100,000 Cops” initiative in one rural West Virginia jurisdiction.     

Compelled disclosure of research data

Voluntary data sharing among psychologists will minimize the need for courts to compel disclosure of research information. A review of recent federal court decisions indicates that disclosure of research data from other disciplines has been compelled by subpoena when the data are relevant to the central issue of the litigation and require independent verification. Voluntary sharing of data among psychologists will minimize the need for compelled disclosure by permitting independent verification of the methodology and findings. Professional organizations can assist by encouraging voluntary data sharing and by serving as neutral intermediaries to minimize disruption when disclosure is compelled.