Gendered Paths to Legal Citizenship: The Case of Latin‐American Immigrants in Phoenix,Arizona

In this paper we seek to contribute to a greater understanding of legal citizenship by exploring the gendered experiences of Latin‐American‐origin immigrants in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area as they go through the legalization process. To explore this gendered angle we rely on in‐depth interviews conducted from 1998 through 2008 with women and men from Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Mexico. The data reveal that although immigration policies and procedures are presumably gender neutral, they are in fact inflected with gendered meanings and enacted in gendered social structures. Gender ideologies permeate the processes to differentially affect the legalization, permanent legal residence, and citizenship processes of immigrant women and men. This article points to key gender inequalities in immigration law.     

宪法实施状况的评价方法及其影响

本文从全面和系统地分析目前国内外宪法学界对宪法实施的研究状况出发,指出当下宪法实施理论研究方面存在的问题主要在于没有准确地界定宪法实施概念的性质,以及没有对宪法实施建立起一套科学和合理的分析系统。作者认为,从理论来看,宪法实施是使静态宪法变成动态宪法,宪法实施概念所要解决的主要理论问题是"行动中的宪法",但是宪法实施是一个集主观评价与客观实践于一体的复杂现象,必须要在认真分析宪法实施对象的特征,并在此基础上做出分门别类研究,对实施可能性做出区别对待基础上,才能进行科学的分析;从实践来看,宪法实施概念具有很强的目的性,需要解决特定的宪法问题,因此,离开了具体目的性的指引,纯粹的抽象意义上的宪法实施,在实践中,不仅不利于树立宪法本身的权威形象,相反还会严重影响宪法作为根本法自身所具有的科学性和规范性。     

TOPICAL ISSUES IN CROSS BORDER DISCOVERY： RECONCILING PERSONAL DATA REGULATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES

This article will consider the following questions： What is the current state of the European data privacy and transfer regime？ What are the challenges the regime is facing and what are the modifications being considered to address them？ What role can the Sedona Conference play in reconciling personal data regulations and cross border discovery？ We will explore the following critical issues： 1. The position taken by the European Commission （EC） in its proposed General Data Protection Regulation （2012） that the current regime, as embodied in the European Union （EU） Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC, has not fully achieved the harmonization of its member state＇s legal systems that was originally envisioned; 2. How the regime can adapt to the challenges and be driven by dynamic legal, technological and economic environments？ The paper will conclude by examining key provisions of the EC＇s proposed regulation within the context of the Sedona Conference＇s International Principles and offer recommendations on implementation.     

The use of serum protein analysis in the diagnosis of fatal envenomation via Crotalus horridus (timber rattlesnake)

Deaths occurring due to rattlesnake envenomization are extremely rare and must be thoroughly investigated in the same manner as any other type of death. Our research presents the case of an adult white male who suffered a fatal timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) envenomation in northwest Florida in 2018. Blood samples were taken from the decedent's heart and vasculature of the chest and sent for serum proteomic analysis. Serum proteomic analysis was utilized in order to identify proteins from timber rattlesnake (C. horridus) found within the victim's blood. The confirmation of the presence of timber rattlesnake venom within the victim's blood allows the forensic pathologist to determine the cause of death most accurately and likewise, assists with the manner of death determination. Blood samples were separated into two groups: one with the abundant endogenous proteins depleted to facilitate detection of lower abundant proteins and one undepleted. In the depleted sample, a total of 712 proteins were identified, with 47 of the proteins (6.6%) occurring originating from timber rattlesnake (C. horridus). Likewise, a total of 742 proteins were identified in the undepleted sample, with 52 of the proteins (7.0%) occurring in timber rattlesnake (C. horridus). No timber rattlesnake (C. horridus) proteins were found in control human serum.     

How does ethnic diversity shape the design of intergovernmental fiscal relations? Evidence from China

This study examines how ethnic diversity shapes the design of intergovernmental fiscal relations in regimes such as China, where local accountability and resident mobility are largely absent. We argue that in these regimes, ethnic diversity largely captures potential social conflicts and instability, consequently requiring a higher level of fiscal centralization and regional equalization from upper-level governments to preserve social stability. Using provincial and sub-provincial level panel data from China for 1995–2019, we find strong supporting evidence that an increase in a province's ethnic diversity significantly increases fiscal centralization and the provincial government's fiscal equalization efforts. We also show that these effects tend to be stronger in provinces whose leaders have closer ties with the central authority and where local capture is less serious. Our study contributes to a better understanding of ethnic diversity's consequences on the policy choices governments make.     

Violence,fear, and development in Latin America: a critical overview

This introduction presents the core concepts that shape this special issue on the impact of violence and the processes of development in Central and South America. The understanding of development is considered in terms broader than the economic context alone, in order to assess wider social and political aspects. With a similarly expansive scope, forms of violence are addressed that range from direct physical harm and bodily attack to the often more subtle aggression of racialised abuse or the pressures on community-centred production from dominant market forces. In these contexts, violence, economic initiatives, and political allegiances form unintended and often dangerous networks of consequence for development matters. All the articles in this volume exemplify further the spatial environments of violence and diverse ‘landscapes of fear’ that shape our existence and help to define our actions, territories, and understanding of what happens around us.     

奥巴马政府的巧实力战略

巧实力战略是奥巴马政府在美国外交和内政政策上的新路线。外交上,奥巴马出访利益相关国家,通过其对国际公关的运用改善美国的国际关系;内政上,进行医疗改革,充分争取美国中下层人民的支持。奥巴马政府希望借助巧实力战略重塑美国良好的国际形象,保持它在全世界的领导地位。巧实力战略在实际的运用中取得了一些成绩,但也面临一些挑战。     

柬埔寨民间故事的分类及特点

柬埔寨民间故事内容丰富、数量庞大、种类繁多,是柬埔寨历史中耀眼的瑰宝。本文从对柬埔寨民间故事的起源、分类开始阐述,通过对柬埔寨著名民间故事的罗列、归纳,简析了柬埔寨民间故事的特点。     

论中外合作经营企业的法律性质及法律特征

国际投资企业形式包括股权式合营企业和契约式合营企业两种。从中外合作经营企业产生的背景分析,它是在中国具体国情中独创出来的一种企业形式,其法律性质在于它是对中外合资经营企业法的灵活变通,这种变通表现在其法律特征之中。中外合作经营企业各方权利义务虽不尽相同,但仍符合平等互利的法律原则和国际惯例。     

我国侦查模式改革的路径选择——以“一长四必”新机制之实施为视角

在司法改革的大环境之下,我国侦查模式也经历着从口供本位向物证本位转型的关键时刻。2014年公安部为进一步推动侦查模式之转型,出台了一长四必现场勘验新机制,并迅速在全国侦查机关中予以实施。从该机制之内容与推行方式可见我国侦查模式改革依然延续着以往运动式改革之路径。以广州市两基层公安机关在2012年至2015年现场勘验情况为样本,考察现场勘验新机制的实施效果并进而分析现有改革路径的正确性。调查结果显示:一长四必现场勘验新机制虽然短期效果显著却不利于物证本位侦查模式的构建和发展,有必要在保留其优势的同时做出调整,改变对短期效应的过分追求,重视侦查队伍的专业化建设,赋予侦查人员凭借专业知识做出判断的权力,同时完善侦查取证的配套法律法规,为侦查活动提供规范与指引。