Theory and Methods of a Representational Approach to Understanding Social Movements: The Role of the EDSA Revolution in a National Psychology of Protest for the Philippines

Three studies used the symbolic theory of history and identity to examine the impact of social representations of the 1986 EDSA I ??People Power?? revolution on participation in subsequent protest social movements in the Philippines. Study 1 found that in 4 state universities scattered across the archipelago of the Philippines, the first EDSA revolution was nominated as the most important event in Filipino history, and formed part of a narrative moving from authoritarian to democratic rule. Study 2 employed a mixed convenience sample of university students and adults to show that a measure of historical fatalism, or cynicism about the ability of EDSA I to produce lasting social change together with low identification with the social movement predicted lack of passive behavioral participation in the social movement that overthrew President Estrada in the EDSA II revolution. The importance of removing Estrada (derived from an expectancy?Cvalue/cost?C-benefit analysis formulation) was the best predictor of active behavioral participation. Study 3 showed that historical fatalism was the best predictor of behavioral intentions to actively participate in an attempt to overthrow Estrada??s successor President Arroyo, whereas anger was the best predictor of passive behavioral intentions among university students. Results suggest an exhaustion of goodwill from Filipinos, who no longer believe that People Power can force positive change against endemic corruption in national governance.     

论应对气候变化背景下能源开发利用与环境保护相结合原则

能源开发利用产生的环境问题日益严重,直接威胁到人民的生活质量和发展,能源开发利用与环境保护相结合原则是指在开发利用能源时,必须减少污染排放,加强环境保护,它也称清洁开发利用能源原则。在应对气候变化背景下,能源立法的基本原则应该树立低碳能源和低碳经济理念,坚持能源开发利用与环境保护相结合原则。     

医事刑法学中医疗行为概念的新界定

医疗行为的界定是认定能否构成医疗过失犯罪的关键要素。医疗行为应当具有目的性、主体特殊性、理论技术适当性、对象特定性、损伤性五大特征,医疗行为的界定必须体现出其特征与本质。医疗行为是指取得相关医学资格或以诊疗服务为职业的自然人或单位以人体形态、构造和生理机能的优化、变更或恢复为目的,以适当的现代医学理论和技术手段为准则,对医疗需求者进行具有损伤性的医学过程。     

农村打黑除恶难点与对策

随着市场经济的不断完善和改革开放的不断深入发展,当前云南省黑恶势力犯罪的形式、手段和特点出现了新情况、新变化,局部地区黑恶势力犯罪已成为危害社会治安、破坏社会经济秩序、威胁人民群众生命财产安全的一大突出问题,成为影响和阻碍经济健康发展和社会全面进步的"毒瘤"。从公安机关的角度出发,结合公安机关的侦查实践,着重研究、发现在侦办农村黑恶势力犯罪案件的问题和困难,探讨打击农村黑恶势力的一些对策和方法。     

Sevoflurane concentrations in blood, brain, and lung after sevoflurane-induced death

Sevoflurane concentrations in blood, brain, and lung were measured in an individual apparently dying from sevoflurane inhalation. Sevoflurane is a volatile nonflammable fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether inhaled anesthetic, chemically related to desflurane and isoflurane. The incidence of abuse of sevoflurane is lower than that of other drugs of abuse possibly due to its inaccessibility to the general public and less pleasurable and addicting effects. The dead subject was an anesthetist found prone in bed holding an empty bottle of sevoflurane (Ultane). Serum, urine, and liver were screened for numerous drugs and metabolites using enzyme immunoassays and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analysis did not reveal presence of any drug, including ethanol, other than sevoflurane. Sevoflurane was determined by headspace gas chromatography and revealed concentrations of 15 microg/mL in blood and 130 mg/kg in brain and lung. Autopsy revealed pulmonary edema and frothing in the lung, pathological findings associated with death by sevoflurane or hypoxia. The cause of death was ruled as sevoflurane toxicity and the manner of death as accident.     

Real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification of canine DNA

The accurate quantification of target DNA is an important step in the short tandem repeat analysis of forensic biological samples. By utilizing quantification data to control the amount of template DNA in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), forensic scientists can optimize testing and minimize the consumption of limited samples. The ability to identify and quantify target DNA in mixed-species samples is crucial when it may be overwhelmed by nontarget DNA, as in cases of dog attack. We evaluated two quantitative real-time PCR assays for dynamic range, species specificity, and inhibition by humic acid. While both assays proved to be highly sensitive and discriminating, the Melanocortin-1 Receptor (MC1R) gene Taqman assay had the advantages of a shorter run time, greater efficiency, and safer reagents. In its application to forensic casework, the MC1R assay has been advantageous for quantifying dog DNA in a variety of mixed-species samples and facilitating the successful profiling of individual dogs.     

论毒品犯罪死刑限制适用

消极的责任主义、对责任严重程度的严格判断、以刑罚必然性和刑罚可感知程度为基础的威慑的一般预防理论,以及特殊预防论的必要性理论,为毒品犯罪的死刑适用提供了理论空间。在具体操作模式上,毒品犯罪的死刑适用限制应以严格的实质判断认定毒品犯罪行为的社会危害性,以压缩毒品犯罪死刑适用的犯罪范围。同时应合理利用立功制度、妥善处理毒品犯罪中共犯的责任、适当协调死刑与其他刑事措施之间的关系,并严格限制减刑与假释的条件,以减轻预防毒品犯罪对于死刑的依赖程度。毒品犯罪死刑适用限制也应受到限制,应逐步缓慢推进,且须有相应的社会措施同时配套推行。     

论我国注射死刑的平等适用

目前,我国在执行注射死刑时存在不能完全平等适用的问题。这种不平等适用体现为不同身份的死刑犯适用不平等、不同地区的死刑犯适用不平等、不同罪行的死刑犯适用不平等等方面。注射死刑不平等适用违反了法律面前人人平等原则,引起社会的诸多质疑。而注射死刑未平等适用的原因较为复杂,既因立法上存在漏洞,又受到注射成本过高,地方司法机关推动力度不够,民众报应观念较强等因素制约。     

Trace DNA Sampling Success from Evidence Items Commonly Encountered in Forensic Casework

Trace DNA analysis is a significant part of a forensic laboratory's workload. Knowing optimal sampling strategies and item success rates for particular item types can assist in evidence selection and examination processes and shorten turnaround times. In this study, forensic short tandem repeat (STR) casework results were reviewed to determine how often STR profiles suitable for comparison were obtained from “handler” and “wearer” areas of 764 items commonly submitted for examination. One hundred and fifty‐five (155) items obtained from volunteers were also sampled. Items were analyzed for best sampling location and strategy. For casework items, headwear and gloves provided the highest success rates. Experimentally, eyeglasses and earphones, T‐shirts, fabric gloves and watches provided the highest success rates. Eyeglasses and latex gloves provided optimal results if the entire surfaces were swabbed. In general, at least 10%, and up to 88% of all trace DNA analyses resulted in suitable STR profiles for comparison.     

Voluntary policing in Sweden: media reports of contemporary forms of police–citizen partnerships

Many Western-style democracies have witnessed a general shift in the distribution of crime prevention responsibility, away from the state and increasingly to citizens themselves. Civil society is today more and more often called upon as an additional policing resource. This article explores the phenomenon of voluntary citizen participation in policing in Sweden, based on an analysis of 9280 news-media articles. One state-sanctioned (the Volunteers of the Police) and one autonomous civic (Missing People Sweden) initiative were examined, from their respective start until 2017, to understand the role played by police–citizen partnerships in the establishment and legitimation of voluntary policing forms in Sweden. A high degree of integration between police and volunteer work was found, enabling not only effective citizen participation, but also having an influence on police operations. The more effective and publicly visible the voluntary policing bodies were, the more pressure there was on the police to defend its legitimacy, ally itself with the volunteers and regulate the latter’s activities while holding them responsible for their actions. Arguably, however, with the police–citizen relationship being one of integration and mutual dependence, the division of labour and the accountability of both parties risk becoming blurred or even confused.