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931.
Summary

This article analyses the evolution of the fiscal policy of the Crown of Castile in the reign of Philip II in relation to the salient characteristics of the tax system and of the political and constitutional structure of the kingdom. The character of the Kingdoms of Castile as an aggregate of autonomous communities coordinated by the superior authority of the monarch was reflected in a fiscal system based upon the delegation to local authorities of the management of the most important royal taxes (alcabalas and servicios) and thus upon principles of autonomy and decentralization which made negotiation with the Kingdom in the Cortes, both with regard to the total sum and to the conditions of its collection, unavoidable. The financial needs of Philip II led him to try to overcome the rigidities of this system by extending the fiscal powers of the Crown by means of the creation of new taxes or the increase of those already in existence, as well as by redefining the constitutional processes of negotiation with the Cortes and the cities. Nevertheless, Philip II neither succeeded in getting acceptance for all his demands nor did the pressure to which he subjected the Kingdom generate any significant change in the nature of the Castilian fiscal system nor in the politico‐constitutional bases which sustained it.  相似文献   
932.
Though the build-up of China's blue-water fleet is causing consternation in foreign-policy circles, the country's on-going expansion into Russia and the former Soviet Union has scarcely garnered comment. For the past decade, China has used its foreign reserves to acquire strategic assets (principally infrastructure and natural resources) and tracts of sovereign territory along its existing borders and increasingly further afield. The impact on targeted countries (and, in turn, their own foreign policy) is extreme, with serious implications for security and economics far beyond their borders. This article provides an overview of China's acquisitions and investments in Eurasia, followed by more detailed discussion of recent developments and responses in Central Asia, Ukraine and Mongolia, and Siberia. It then looks at the impact of China's actions on Sino-Russian relations, discusses the importance of Russia and Central Asia as a resource corridor and buffer zone between Europe and China, and suggests how these manoeuvrings might result in long-term benefits for China.  相似文献   
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General

The Anatomy of Communist Takeovers. Edited by Thomas T. Hammond. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1975. Pp. 664. Bibliog. Index. £12.50 (paper £3.00).

Peasant Rebellion and Communist Revolution in Asia. Edited by John Wilson Lewis. Stanford, California, Stanford University Press, 1974. Pp. 364. Index. $12.95.

Peasant Society in a Changing Economy. Comparative Development in South‐East Asia and India. By George Rosen. Urbana, Chicago and London, University of Illinois Press, 1975. Pp. xiii+256. $8.95.

History ‐ Remembered, Recovered, Invented. By Bernard Lewis. Princeton and London, Princeton University Press, 1975. Pp. 111. Index. £3.45.

The First Kuwait Oil Concession: a record of the negotiations for the 1934 agreement. By Archibald H. T. Chisholm. London, Frank Cass, 1975. Pp. 254. Illus. Index. £8.00.

Middle East

Faisal: The King and his Kingdom. By Vincent Sheean. Tavistock, Devon, University Press of Arabia, 1975. Pp. 176. Maps. Illus. Index. £4.95.

Riza Shah Pahlavi: The Resurrection and Reconstruction of Iran 1878–1944. By Donald N. Wilber. New York, Exposition Press, 1975. Pp. 301. Illus. Index. £15.00.

The Golden Age of Persia. The Arabs in the East. By Richard N. Frye. London, Weidenfeld &; Nicolson, 1975. Pp. 290. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £7.00.

War, Technology and Society in the Middle East Edited by V. J. Parry and M. E. Yapp. London, Oxford University Press, 1975. Pp. 448. Bibliog. Index. £7.00.

South Asia

Elections and Political Development: The South Asian Experience. By Norman D. Palmer. London, C. Hurst &; Co., 1975. Pp. x+301. Notes. Index. £7.75.

South Asian Crisis. By Robert Jackson, London, Chatto &; Windus, 1975. Pp. 240. Appendix. Maps. Index. £4.00.

The Local Roots of Indian Politics: Allahabad 1880–1920. By C. A. Bayly. Clarendon Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1975. Pp. 314. Maps. Bibliog. Index. £10.00.

The Myth of the Lokamanya. Tilak and Mass Politics in Maharashtra. By Richard I. Cashman. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, University of California Press, 1975. Pp. 246. Appendix. Glossary. Index. £6.85.

Muslim Community in Bengal 1884–1912. By Sufia Ahmed. London, Oxford University Press, 1975. Pp. 425. Map. Bibliog. Index. £5.75.

Electoral Politics in an Emergent State. The Ceylon General Election of May 1970. By A. Jeyaratnam Wilson. London, Cambridge University Press, 1975. Pp. 240. Maps. Index. £7.00.

Political Structure in a Changing Sinhalese Village. By Marguerite S. Robinson. London, Cambridge University Press, 1975. Pp. 376. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £9.75.

South‐East Asia

Konfrontasi: The Indonesian‐Malaysian Dispute 1963–1966. By J. A. C. Mackie. Kuala Lumpur and London, Oxford University Press, 1975. Pp. 368. Maps. Bibliog. Index. £12.25.

The Communist Insurrection in Malaya 1948–1960. By Anthony Short. London, Frederick Muller, 1975. Pp. 547. Bibliog. Index. £8.95.

Malay Peasant Society and Leadership. By S. Husin Ali. Kuala Lumpur and London, Oxford University Press (East Asian Social Science Monographs), 1975. Pp. 192. Appendices. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. £8.60.

The Politics of Belonging: Political Change in Sabah and Sarawak. By Margaret Clark Roff. Kuala Lumpur and London, Oxford University Press, 1975. Pp. 202. Map. Bibliog. Index. £7.85.

USSR

A Siberian Journey. The Journal of Hans Jakob Fries, 1774–1776. Translated and edited by Walther Kirchner. London, Frank Cass, 1975. Pp. 183. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £5.50.

Far East

Liu Shao‐ch'i and the Chinese Cultural Revolution. The Politics of Mass Criticism. By Lowell Dittmer. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, University of California. Press, 1975. Pp. 386. Bibliog. Index. £7.10.

The Times Atlas of China. Edited by P. J. M. Geelan and D. C. Twitchett. London, Times Books, 1974. Pp. 144 plus Index. £25.00.

Prelude to Revolution. Mao, the Party, and the Peasant Question 1962–66. By Richard Baum. New York and London, Columbia University Press, 1975. Pp. 222. Bibliog. Index. £5.50.

The Chinese City between Two Worlds. Edited by Mark Elvin and G. William Skinner. Stanford University Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1975. Pp. 458. Maps. Index. £11.00.

Prisoner of Mao. By Bao Ruo‐Wang (Jean Pasqualini) and Rudolph Chelminski. London, André Deutsch, 1975. Pp. 319. Sketch map. £3.95.

China's Republican Revolution. The Case of Kwangtung, 1895–1913. By Edward J. M. Rhoads. Cambridge, Mass., and London, Harvard University Press, 1975. Pp. 366. Notes. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. £9.90.

China and Pakistan. Diplomacy of an Entente Cordiale. By Anwar H. Syed. Massachusetts University Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1975, Pp. 259. Index. £3.00.

The Chinese Theatre in Modern Times from 1840 to the Present Day. By Colin Mackerras. London, Thames and Hudson, 1975. Pp. 256. Illus. Index. £6.75.

The Poetry of Meng Chiao and Han Yu. By Stephen Owen. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1975. Pp. 294. Glossary. Index. £8.25.

Japan's Greater East Asia Co‐prosperity Sphere in World War II. Selected readings and documents. By Joyce C. Lebra. London, Oxford University Press, 1975. Pp. 212. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. £10.00.

Palace and Politics in Prewar Japan. By David A. Titus. New York and London, Columbia University Press, 1975. Pp. 360. Bibliog. Index. £10.00.

A Social Basis for Prewar Japanese Militarism. The Army and the Rural Community. By Richard J. Smethurst. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, University of California Press, 1975. Pp. xxi+202. Bibliog. Index. £7.70.  相似文献   
939.
Burma: The Struggle for Independence (2 Vols.) Ed. By Hugh Tinker. London H.M.S.O. 1983/84. £95.00 each Volume.  相似文献   
940.

Middle East

Arab Political Memoirs and Other Studies. By Elie Kedourie. London, Frank Cass, 1974. Pp. 327. Bibliog. Index. £5.95.

Arabian Assignment. By David Smiley. London, Leo Cooper, 1975. Pp. 248. Illus. Index. £6.75.

From Encroachment to Involvement. A Documentary Study of Soviet Policy in the Middle East, 1945–1973. By Yaacov Ro'i. Jerusalem, Israel Universities Press, 1974; distributed in the UK by John Wiley &; Sons. Pp. 616. Indices.

Nasserist Ideology: Its Exponents and Critics. By Nissim Rejwan. Jerusalem, Israel Universities Press, 1974. Pp. 271. Appendix. Index. £6.75.

The Modern History of Israel. By Noah Lucas. London, Weidenfeld and Nicol‐son, 1975. Pp. 500. Maps. Bibliog. Index. £6.00.

The Moors in Spain and Portugal. By Jan Read. London, Faber &; Faber, 1974. Pp. 268. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £4.95.

Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean and the Threat to the West. Four Studies in Global Strategy. Edited by Patrick Wall. London, Stacey International, 1975. Pp. 198. Maps. Illus. Index. £3.50 (paper £2.00).

South Asia

China, Pakistan and Bangladesh. By J. P. Jain. New Delhi, Radiant Publishers, 1974. Pp. vi+232. Notes. Appendices. Bibliog. Index. Rs. 55.

Soviet Policy towards Pakistan and Bangladesh. By J. P. Jain. New Delhi, Radiant Publishers, 1974. Pp. 212. Notes. Appendices. Bibliog. Index. Rs. 50.

Soviet Policy toward India: Ideology and Strategy. By Robert H. Donaldson. Cambridge, Mass., and London, Harvard University Press, 1974. Pp. x+264. Notes. Appendix. Bibliog. Index. £7.50.

Minorities in Madras State. Group Interests in Modern Politics. By S. Saras‐wathi. Delhi, Impex India, 1974. Pp. 247. Tables. Bibliog. Index. Rs. 50.

India ‐ Development and Experience. By Sardar Tarlok Singh. Madras and London, Macmillan, 1975. Pp. xx+458. Index. £8.00.

British Economic Thought and India 1600–1858. A study in the history of development economics. By William J. Barber. Clarendon Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1975. Pp. 243. Bibliog. Index. £6.00.

Marriage, Religion and Society. Pattern of change in an Indian village. By Giri Raj Gupta. London, Curzon Press, 1974. Pp. 180. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. £3.00.

The Lion River. The Indus. By Jean Fairley. London, Allen Lane, 1975. Pp. xv+290. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £4.95.

An Indian Summer. By James Cameron. London, Macmillan, 1974. Pp. 224. £3.50.

Sources for the History of British India in the Seventeenth Century. By Shafaat Ahmad Khan. London, Curzon Press, 1975. Pp. 395. Index. £4.50.

Political Relations between India and Nepal, 1877–1923. By Kanchanmoy Mojumdar. Delhi, Munshiram Manoharlal, 1973. Pp. xv+331. Maps. Appendix. Bibliog. Index. Rs. 30.

Himalayan Traders. Life in Highland Nepal. By Christoph von Fürer‐Haimen‐dorf. London, John Murray, 1975. Pp. 316. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £7.50.

Pakistan Under Challenge. By L. F. Rushbrook Williams. London, Stacey International, 1975. Pp. 224. Maps. Illus. Index. £3.90 (paper £2.20).

South‐East Asia

Southeast Asia Under the New Balance of Power. Edited by Sudershan Chawla, Melvin Gurtov and Alain‐Gerard Marsot. New York, Praeger; London, Pall Mall Press, 1974. Pp. 196. Bibliog. Index. £2.25.

U Nu: Saturday's Son. By U Nu; translated by U Law Yone and edited by U Kyaw Win. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1975. Pp. xv+358. Index. £7.50.

Economic Growth and Development in West Malaysia 1947–1970. By David Lim. London, Oxford University Press, 1974. Pp. xx+346. Tables. Bibliog. Index. £9.95.

Far East

China's Foreign Relations since 1949. By Alan Lawrance. London, Routledge &; Kegan Paul (World Studies Series), 1975. Pp. 261. Maps. Biblog. Index. £5.95.

East Asia &; U.S. Security. By Ralph N. Clough. Washington, The Brookings Institution, 1975. Pp. 248. Index. $8–95 (paper $3.50).

The Logic of “Maoism”: Critiques and Explication. Edited by James Chieh Hsiung. New York, Praeger; London, Pall Mall Press, 1975. Pp. 227. Bibliog. Index. £8.00.

The Pattern of Sino‐American Crises. Political‐Military Interactions in the 1950s. By J. H. Kalicki. London, Cambridge University Press, 1975. Pp. 279. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £7.50.

China's Economic Aid. By Wolfgang Bartke. London, C. Hurst &; Co., 1975. Pp. 215. £5.00.

Russia and the Roots of the Chinese Revolution, 1896–1911. By Don C. Price. Cambridge, Mass., and London, Harvard University Press, 1975. Pp. 301. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. £8.00.

Mirror to the Son of Heaven: Wei Cheng at the Court of T'ang T'ai‐tsung. By Howard J. Wechsler. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1975. Pp. xii+259. Appendices. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. £7.50.

Between Tradition and Modernity: Wang T'ao and Reform in Late Ch'ing China. By Paul A. Cohen. Cambridge, Mass., and London, Harvard University Press, 1974. Pp. x+357. Notes. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. £8.00.

Some Remarks on the Relationship between China and Mongolia. By C. R. Bawden. London, The China Society, 1974. China Society Occasional Papers. No. 17.

United States‐Japanese Relations: The Seventies. Edited by Priscilla Clapp and Morton H. Halperin. Cambridge, Mass., and London, Harvard University Press, 1975. Pp. 234. £4.00.

Japanese Radicals Revisited: Student protest in postwar Japan. By Ellis S. Krauss. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, University of California Press, 1974. Pp. xiv+192. Bibliog. Index. £6.60.

The Samurai. By Paul Varley with Ivan and Nobuko Morris. First published by Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970; London, Penguin Books, 1974. Pp. 106. Map. Illus. Index.

Warrior Government in Early Medieval Japan: A Study of the Kamakura Bakufu, Shugo and Jito. By Jeffrey P. Mass. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1975. Pp. 257. Glossary. Map. Bibliog. Index. £6.25.

Ishiwara Kanji and Japan's Confrontation with the West. By Mark R. Peattie. Princeton and London, Princeton University Press, 1975. Pp. 430. Glossary (Romaji/Kanji). Bibliog. Index. £870.

The Kuril Islands. Russo‐Japanese Frontiers in the Pacific. By John J. Stephan. Clarendon Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1975. Pp. 279. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £6.25.  相似文献   
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