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271.
Charles Hawksley 《澳大利亚政治与历史杂志》2016,62(1):154-155
Winning the Peace: Australia's Campaign to Change the Asia‐Pacific. By Andrew Carr (Carlton: Melbourne University Press, 2015), pp.viii + 336, AU$59.99 (pb). 相似文献
272.
Opinion Backlash and Public Attitudes: Are Political Advances in Gay Rights Counterproductive?
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Benjamin G. Bishin Thomas J. Hayes Matthew B. Incantalupo Charles Anthony Smith 《American journal of political science》2016,60(3):625-648
One long‐recognized consequence of the tension between popular sovereignty and democratic values like liberty and equality is public opinion backlash, which occurs when individuals recoil in response to some salient event. For decades, scholars have suggested that opinion backlash impedes policy gains by marginalized groups. Public opinion research, however, suggests that widespread attitude change that backlash proponents theorize is likely to be rare. Examining backlash against gays and lesbians using a series of online and natural experiments about marriage equality, and large‐sample survey data, we find no evidence of opinion backlash among the general public, by members of groups predisposed to dislike gays and lesbians, or from those with psychological traits that may predispose them to lash back. The important implication is that groups pursuing rights should not be dissuaded by threats of backlash that will set their movement back in the court of public opinion. 相似文献
273.
Charles U. Zug 《澳大利亚政治与历史杂志》2020,66(2):181-199
For almost four decades preceding the 1787-88 ratification debates — during which American Federalists drew severe criticism from the Anti-Federalists — Enlightenment politics in Europe had been undergoing equally severe criticism from Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Though largely unaware of each other, both of these critics advanced distinctive republican theories based on civic virtue and individual liberty. Rousseau argued for a republic which would require the near-total alienation of retained natural rights, abstention from bourgeois commerce, and complete conformity to the general will. The Anti-Federalists, by contrast, envisioned a republic based on retained natural rights, one that would reconcile the communitarian spirit of antiquity with the commercial values and individual rights of modernity. By comparing and contrasting the most salient features of these contending visions, whose theoretical trajectories are — I argue — crucially opposed, we can glimpse the inherent conflicting requisites of republican government and therewith some of the enduring dilemmas of republican theory. 相似文献
274.
Erwin J. A. T. Mattijssen MSc Cilia L. M. Witteman PhD Charles E. H. Berger PhD Xiaoyu A. Zheng MSc Johannes A. Soons PhD Reinoud D. Stoel PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2021,66(1):96-111
Forensic firearm examination provides the court of law with information about the source of fired cartridge cases. We assessed the validity of source decisions of a computer‐based method and of 73 firearm examiners who compared breechface and firing pin impressions of 48 comparison sets. We also compared the computer‐based method's comparison scores with the examiners' degree‐of‐support judgments and assessed the validity of the latter. The true‐positive rate (sensitivity) and true‐negative rate (specificity) of the computer‐based method (for the comparison of both the breechface and firing pin impressions) were 94.4% and at least 91.7%, respectively. For the examiners, the true‐positive rate was at least 95.3% and the true‐negative rate was at least 86.2%. The validity of the source decisions improved when the evaluations of breechface and firing pin impressions were combined and for the examiners also when the perceived difficulty of the comparison decreased. The examiners were reluctant to provide source decisions for "difficult" comparisons even though their source decisions were mostly correct. The correlation between the computer‐based method's comparison scores and the examiners' degree‐of‐support judgments was low for the same‐source comparisons to negligible for the different‐source comparisons. Combining the outcomes of computer‐based methods with the judgments of examiners could increase the validity of firearm examinations. The examiners' numerical degree‐of‐support judgments for their source decisions were not well‐calibrated and showed clear signs of overconfidence. We suggest studying the merits of performance feedback to calibrate these judgments. 相似文献
275.
Charles Wharton Kaye-Essien 《国际公共行政管理杂志》2020,43(7):599-610
ABSTRACTIt is common knowledge in Ghana that during political transitions, programs set in previous Medium Term Development Plans (MTDP) by prior governments are abandoned without regard for their wider national implications. While the economic impacts of these political transitions have been researched, till date no known studies have taken a holistic look at the relation between political transition and the level of MTDP target achievement. This article attempts to fill this research gap using Ghana as a case and the policy learning and political business cycle literatures as organizing frames. Using annual MTDP data and semi-structured interviews with 25 officials who were involved in the implementation of MDTPs at the national and local government levels, this article finds that aberrations in target achievements across the entire period between 2001 and 2016 were the result of financial constraints and the pressures to adjust to political change. 相似文献
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Charles L. Glenn 《European Journal for Education Law and Policy》1998,2(2):125-144
Educators, parents, and policy-makers in the United States, as in other countries, are concerned about the apparent inability
of many schools to contribute to the development of character and civic virtue in their pupils. The answer, experience shows,
is not for government to require a pedagogy of state-defined character education which, in a pluralistic society, would inevitably
create new conflicts. Instead, education policy should take advantage of the growing interest on the part of educators in
creating autonomous, distinctive schools, and the continuing interest, on the part of parents, in being able to choose what
school their children will attend. Schools which exhibit a distinctive character based upon a shared understanding of the
goals of education are effective not only in teaching academics but also in developing positive character traits in their
pupils. Charter schools and educational vouchers are two means of encouraging and supporting such coherent schools. The article
concludes with a series of policy recommendations designed to balance the autonomy of schools against the need for public
accountability.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献