Unfulfilled promises of the consultation approach: the limits to effective indigenous participation in Bolivia’s and Peru’s extractive industries

Indigenous peoples’ right to prior consultation and to informed consent represents the basis of the new global model shaping state–indigenous relations. Consultation processes promise to enable indigenous people to determine their own development and are especially promoted when extraction projects with significant socio-environmental impacts are planned on indigenous lands. In this article we draw on debates on participatory development in order to analyse the first state-led consultations in Bolivia’s and Peru’s hydrocarbon sectors (2007–14). The analysis shows that effective participation has been limited by (1) an absence of indigenous ownership of the processes; (2) indigenous groups’ difficulties defending or even articulating their own visions and demands; and (3) limited or very general outcomes. The study identifies real-life challenges, such as power asymmetries, a ‘communication hurdle’ and appropriate timing – as well as simplistic assumptions underlying the consultation approach – that account for the unfulfilled promises of this new model.     

Varieties of consumer credit data regimes: A regulatory governance approach

Credit markets are expanding, and with them also the automated, large‐scale commercialization of personal credit data. The increasing use of data and scores for commodified decision making lends greater urgency to the study of credit data regulatory regimes. This article promotes a comparative regulatory governance perspective as the basis for theory‐driven, multidimensional measurement. In order to measure consumer protection, we distinguish three different subregimes (collection, profiling, and use) and construct a two‐dimensional index of consumer protection (market restriction and user empowerment). We then assess the index and demonstrate its applicability and validity, building on empirical analysis of the regulatory regimes in the United States, France, Sweden, and Israel for the year 2019. Our approach points to a new direction in researching and measuring regulatory regimes in a comparative manner, which looks beyond national analysis toward an in‐depth understanding of other, equally important, levels of variation.     

“政产学研用”下公安院校经侦人才培养新路径

"政产学研用"协同创新是高等教育改革的重要内容,不仅适用于工科和职业院校,而且对公安院校经侦专业的人才培养同样具有重要的指引作用。在"政产学研用"机制下,公安院校的人才培养主要体现为政府机关、企业、高校、科研机构和用人单位五位一体,相互作用、相互协调。在五位一体协同创新机制下,河南警察学院在人才培养方案论证、专业课程建设、校局合作方面均进行了新的探索和实践,建设了经济犯罪侦查实验室,开展了校企合作深度融合。     

The Effect of Language on Political Appeal: Results from a Survey Experiment in Thailand

Political Behavior - Politicians have long engaged in marketing themselves by employing distinct speaking styles to signal social standing, competence, or a shared background with their audience....     

Public servants’ appreciation for themes in public administration scholarship

One of the defining characteristics of Canadian Public Administration is its singular coverage of topics. In this research, we extend Wake Carroll and Kpessa’s (2007) work to see if the themes found in Canadian Public Administration (CPA) for the 2008‐2016 period are in line with the topics published for the 2000‐2006 period. We also compare the contemporary topics published in CPA to the Australian Journal of Public Administration (AJPA). We then surveyed Canadian public servants about their interests. Our results show that they express more interest towards the themes published in CPA in the last decade than during 2001‐2006, and more interest than the ones published in AJPA in the last decade.     

Federalism and university governance in Canada

There is increasing interest in how universities are governed, externally and internally (Austin and Jones 2016). Drawing on a comparative case study of the governance of six major Canadian universities and the literature, this article describes the impact of federal research and innovation policy and programs on universities and reflects on Ottawa's role. We suggest that the federal government participates in the external governance of universities, but in a way that differs significantly from provincial governments. Canadian federalism appears to be generally beneficial for university autonomy and examination of its operation sheds light on factors that enable universities to sustain their autonomy.     

"伊斯兰国"核心意识形态的渊源和实践

对于“伊斯兰国”而言,建构和输出意识形态至关重要。特定内容的意识形态不仅催生了“伊斯兰国”组织,并最终实现了其“领土”形式。在内容上,“伊斯兰国”汲取了之前政治伊斯兰的理论建构成果,并在“圣战”组织的实践过程中确立了复归的“哈里发国”和暴恐化的“圣战”两大核心意识形态。不仅如此,“伊斯兰国”还对两大核心意识形态进行了激进化实践。在复归的“哈里发国”方面,“伊斯兰国”试图通过宣示权力和荣耀来奠定其合法性基础,并以此来操弄族群身份认同,以吸引更多支持者;在暴恐化的“圣战”方面,“伊斯兰国”致力于对暴力进行形塑和展示,推动“暴力仪式观”的传播,从而造成了新恐怖的弥散;此外,“伊斯兰国”还试图通过篡改伊斯兰教义教法的方式来建构复归的“哈里发国”同暴恐化的“圣战”之间的联系。在“伊斯兰国”遭遇地面战场的失利之后,这些意识形态及其实践会为其续命。鉴于这种情况,需要对“伊斯兰国”的核心意识形态及其实践给予更多关注并进行深入研究,从而提供应对之策。     

EU referendums in context: What can we learn from the Swiss case?

The rising number of referendums on EU matters, such as the Brexit and the Catalonian independence votes, highlight the increasing importance of referendums as a problem‐solving mechanism in the EU. We argue that the Swiss case provides essential insights into understanding the dynamics behind referendums, which are often lacking when referendums are called for in the EU. Referendums in EU member states on EU matters differ substantially from those in the Swiss context. Nevertheless, proponents of more direct democratic decision‐making regularly cite the Swiss example. Our systematic analysis of why referendums are called, how they unfold and their effects in the EU and Switzerland reveals that the EU polity lacks the crucial conditions that embed direct democracy within the wider political and institutional system. The comparative perspective offers fundamental insights into the preconditions required for direct democracy to function and its limitations in the EU.     

Adding rooms onto a house we love: Central banking after the global financial crisis

This article examines the extent to which central bankers have been willing and able to rethink their beliefs about monetary policy in the wake of the global financial crisis. We show that despite the upheaval, the core pre‐crisis monetary policy paradigm remains relatively intact: central bankers believe that they should primarily pursue price stability through targeting a low inflation rate in a transparent manner, and that they need operational independence in order to achieve this goal. In a bid to address post‐crisis conditions and maintain their credibility, however, central bankers have also layered new elements onto this paradigmatic core. We document both the resilience of pre‐crisis beliefs and the process of layering using computer‐assisted text analysis and qualitative analysis of 13,586 speeches given between 1997 and 2017 by central bankers from around the world.