数字化技术对党校图书馆建设的影响

随着党校数字图书馆工程建设的发展,全国党校图书馆将不可避免进入数字化。本文从不同角度探讨了数字化技术对党校传统图书馆的影响以及如何应对和适应数字化技术所带来的变化。     

Federal labor protetons and the privatization of public transit

Federal transportation officials assert that labor protections in the Urban Mass Transportation Act inhibit the propensity of local transit agencies to contract with private firms for services. The authors present results from a survey of a large sample of transit managers and econometric analysis to support their conclusion that labor protections do not appear to reduce the incidence of contracting. The labor protections, however, may be costly to transit management in other ways. The authors recommend actions, aside from repeal of labor protections, to increase contracting by local transit agencies.     

严格执法是净化文化市场的有效途径——浅谈乌鲁木齐市文化市场执法不严的成因及对策

文化市场对我们来说确实是古老而又新鲜的课题。说它古老是因为它古来就有,从汉代开始就有杂技、弹唱、卖艺的。说它新鲜,又确实是党的十一届三中全会以来,在我国改革开放中涌现出来的,在短短的二十几年时间里,我国经济发生了翻天覆地的变化,整个社会市场得到了充分的开放,作为社会主义市场组成部分之一的文化市场,在改革开放浪潮的推动下,不仅满足了广大人民群众日益增长的文化娱乐消费的需求,而且还带动了文化产业的发展,这些以满足人们精神文化需要为主要目标而进行生产或服务的行业也取得了巨大的经济效益,并且以其独特的功能——宣传党的各项方针政策,宣传社会主义理想、道德、文化、纪律,提高整个中华民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质,在社会主义精神文明建设中有特殊的地位,并起着举     

Children in the environment: Forest day-care centers: Modern day care with historical antecedents

Some features of early child care are more prominent in Norway than in other countries, such as emphasis on the outdoor environment. Of general relevance and interest is the form of day care provided by forest day-care centers. Three ideas form the development of these centers placed in wild areas. First, throughout history, Norwegians have had a close attachment to nature and some parents want to provide their children with outdoor experiences at an early age. Second, urging children to play outdoors characterizes the image many parents have of a happy, healthy childhood. Third, provision of day care for children has always been restricted in western countries, forcing parents to invent types of service that can become part of an ecological system that promotes healthy development.The forest day-care centers developed recently represent a supplement to the wide typology of child care in the 21st century. The article outlines the connections between these ideas in general European and western history and Norwegian history and presents debate and decisions about a question dating from the last half of the 1980s. It concludes that the forest day-care centers are perhaps only a modern form of the original kindergarten concept, which started in Europe and America as gardens for children not gardens of children.     

Dilemmas and choices in educational policies: The case of South Korea and Taiwan

In the face of a similar challenge for economic development, South Korea and Taiwan differed greatly in their approaches to educational reform. South Korea permitted a rapid expansion in educational system, allowed the development of academic education, and pursued a relatively high tuition policy for higher education. In contrast, Taiwan controlled the growth of education, promoted vocational education, and maintained a relatively low tuition policy for higher education. Political dynamics, rather than economic efficiency considerations, explain the divergent choices in the educational reforms of these two countries. Tun-jen Cheng is associate professor of government, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23187–8795. He has published extensively on politicl economy and democratic change in East Asian newly industrializing countries. He is currently working on institutional designs of Korean democracy.     

Logical evaluation of evidence when a person is suspected of committing two separate offences.

We consider the problem of drawing inferences within a legal framework when a person is a suspect for two separate offences. Although we are primarily concerned with scientific evidence the issue inevitably arises as to how that evidence interacts with other, non-scientific evidence. We show that, in this particular context, the evidence can be conveniently classified into three categories that concern, respectively: the first crime only; the second crime only; and evidence that relates to similarities between the two crimes. Two case examples are considered and we consider DNA, fibres and eyewitness evidence. These are viewed from the perspective of a prosecutor who has to decide whether or not to charge a suspect with one or both crimes. Graphical sensivity analyses are presented which have features that are not intuitively obvious.     

Where and When to Spank: A Comparison Between U.S. and Japanese College Students

Although physical punishment has been studied for decades, there are gaps in the literature regarding frequently used form, context, and cross cultural differences. A comparison was made using 227 college students in the United States and Japan, who were presented with four scenarios and surveyed regarding attitudes toward physical punishment, perceptions of appropriate discipline methods, and past experience with physical punishment. Japanese and U.S. respondents reported similar personal experience with physical punishment (Japanese 86%, U.S. 91%). However, U.S. respondents reported a higher likelihood of being hit with an object than did Japanese respondents. For U.S. respondents, the bottom and the hand were the top two sites on the body used for physical punishment, whereas the head and the face were the top two places for the Japanese sample. Unlike U.S. respondents, type of child misbehavior was found to have an impact on Japanese respondents’ views on the appropriate discipline method.     

大学生就业问题的建构与误读

高等教育由精英教育转向大众教育过程中,人们对高等教育的观念转变相对滞后,在大学生就业问题上存在建构和误读.在没有清楚界定"大学生就业难问题",就业率统计指标和数据可靠性存在问题的情况下,断言"就业难"或"不难"都不恰当.认为"高校扩招"和"学生要改变择业观念"是就业难的主要原因,也是流于表面且不合时宜的解读.