评介日本技术士法

<正> 第二次世界大战后,日本的经济取得了惊人的发展。其主要原因之一是科学技术的发展。战后的日本,在科学技术方面大大落后于美国等发达国家。因此,日本坚持以引     

A new method in criminology: use of ELISA to detect AFP on different materials with monoclonal anti-alpha-fetoprotein

A new method has been introduced to distinguish normal adult serum stains from fetal or newborn serum and amniotic fluid stains with ELISA in cases of criminal abortion and infanticide. The method is based on the sensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) by a two-site enzyme immunoassay (EIA) following its elution with high efficiency from different materials (e.g., cotton, paper, synthetic fabric, or glass) by phosphate-buffered 0.5 M NaCl solution.     

Age estimation from the rib by phase analysis: white females

Metamorphosis at the sternal extremity of the rib has already been established as a reliable indicator of age at death. Using a sample of white males, it was shown that an accurate estimation of age can be made by direct examination of the bone itself. However, because of sexual differences in hormonal production and dimorphism in the skeleton, the present study was carried out to develop an appropriate standard for age determination from the sternal rib in white females. The sample consisted of 86 ribs of known age, sex, and race. Observations were made at the costochondral junction with special attention to pit formation (its shape and depth), changes in the walls and rim surrounding it, and overall bone density and texture. Based on changes in these areas, the ribs were separated into nine phases (0 through 8). The most rapid metamorphosis occurred in Phases 1 through 4 (mean ages 14-28) with changes noticeable at 3 to 4 year intervals. After mean age 28, this process slowed, considerably expanding the interval between phases to 10 to 15 years. The female ribs showed both earlier initial pit formation and a different morphologic pattern of aging as compared with males. Statistical analysis revealed that the features chosen to delineate the phases are valid predictors of age. This study has shown that the sternal rib can provide an accurate estimation of age in females spanning a mean age of 14 to 76 years.     

Use of the isoelectric focusing method in examining hair proteins

Method of isoelectric focusing in thin and ultrathin layer of polyacrylamide gel followed by staining the polypeptide fractions with argentum was used to investigate human hair keratins. Method makes it possible to determine the polymorphism of keratins in hair even 1,5-2 cm long. It helps to obtain the additional information in medicolegal expertise of hair affinity.     

Application of an immunological method to detect trace amounts of dried human semen

An immunological assay based on a monoclonal antibody was used for identification of trace amounts of dried human semen in forensic science evidence. The monoclonal antibody (Mab 4E6) produced recognizes a human sperm-coating antigen which is specific to human seminal plasma. This antigen seems to be a protein secreted by the epithelial cells of the ejaculatory duct, which is stable indefinitely at room temperature. Mab 4E6 reacts positively with semen samples from individuals independently to their ABO group or secretory status, but does not react with semen from bull, ram, boar, horse, rabbit and dog. In the assay system developed, Mab 4E6 can detect human seminal plasma at concentrations of 0.5 micrograms/ml total protein. A similar sensitivity is found when human semen stains are eluted from forensic science samples and tested by the same assay. This method shows a good correlation with the microscopic methods routinely used. The method described is very sensitive and reproducible, it is time saving and special laboratory equipment is not needed.