Estimation of stress in child neglect from thymic involution.

It is difficult to evaluate the extent of stress in cases of suspected child abuse/neglect in a medico-legal autopsy. We have previously reported that stress due to abuse/neglect was found to have led to thymic involution. To elucidate the influence upon thymocytes differentiation, we compared the proportion of the thymocyte subpopulation in the thymus of a neglected child with one in an age-matched control obtained from cardiac surgery. We found that the relative number of CD4+ CD8+ double positive (DP) thymocytes decreased in the neglected child. It was presumed that the selective decrease in the number of the immature DP thymocytes with CD3- to low bcl-2low caused the thymic involution in the neglected child. It was suggested that an alteration in the proportion of thymocytes subpopulation might be used as an index of stress in cases of child abuse/neglect.     

Genetic variation at nine STR loci in populations from the Philippines and Thailand living in Taiwan

In order to apply a set of nine STR loci and the amelogenin locus in forensic testing, we have performed a population study on individuals from the Philippines and Thailand living in Taiwan (273 Philippine and 146 Thai individuals were typed by commercially available kits and an automated sequencer). A total of 73 alleles for all systems for both populations could be observed in these two populations. No new intermediate fragments were found. Allele frequencies showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The mean exclusion power (MEP) ranged from 0.327 (TPOX) to 0.706 (FGA), the discriminating power (DP) ranged from 0.790 (TPOX) to 0.963 (FGA) for Philippinos, MEP ranged from 0.247 (TPOX) to 0.723 (FGA), DP ranged from 0.761 (TPOX) to 0.968 (FGA) for Thais, the combined MEP is > 0.9988 and the combined DP is > 0.9999999993 for both Philippinos and Thais.     

“3M视角”下国外去极端化经验及对我国的启示

随着ISIS成员返回其来源国,如何实现对宗教极端主义者的转化已成为摆在国际社会面前的难题。可在去极端的三个阶段同时采取宏观(macro).中观(meso)、微观(micro)三个维度(即“3M视角”)的措施,构建完整的去极端化模型。去极端工作需要政府主导,全社会共同参与;去极端化措施要综合运用温和和强硬策略;实现认知上的去极端化必须具有细致可行的善后关注计划。     

红色记忆:中共中央在武汉

中共中央在武汉是中国共产党探索中国革命道路艰难历程的重要阶段,在我党历史上写下了光辉篇章。中共中央在武汉时的工作任务,一是开展国共合作与斗争,二是领导和推动以工农群众为主体的革命运动和反帝斗争走向高潮。记住中共领导人及中共中央在武汉的历史,可以让我们追溯武汉作为“英雄城市”“英雄人民”的历史渊源,并将这一宝贵历史文化资源作为推动武汉发展的精神财富。     

论政府数据开放的收费定价及其法律规制

政府数据在法律性质上具有财产的属性,在实践中也具有可交易性的特点,是一种财产性权利。政府数据开放具有渐进性、开放性、价值性、时效性、周期性、非买断性和再利用性的特点,根据不同的标准可对其作相应的类型化区分。政府对于开放的数据进行收费定价有其合理基础,在数据开放定价模式上则有免费模式、按成本费用定价模式以及按“成本+利润”定价模式。我国政府数据开放的定价收费问题,应置于行政收费的法制框架下讨论,基于公平、效率和量能支付等行政收费的基本原则,确立向社会公众免费开放、向市场主体的商业化利用有限收费的制度。作为减损公民财产利益的负担行为,政府数据开放收费定价应受到法律的严格规制。在确立政府数据开放的基本定价模式基础上,由立法来创设数据的收费定价,完善收费程序,加强对收费定价行为的行政内部监督机制建设,从而推动政府数据有序、规范开放。     

法律认知和法律原则：情感、效率与公平

情感、效率、公平是人们认知活动中惯常的三个进程。对应这三个进程,人们对法律的认知有一些基本的原则。这些认知互动既可能形成社会自发秩序,也可能为法学提供一个基于认知背景的分析框架,有助于法学应对实践问题。“公平主导”的一个简单回答是,面对不同场合,情感、效率、公平三种进程被激活的程度不同。大体上,家庭场合激活情感,工程场合激活效率,市场和法律则更激活公平。在实践中,公平主导的法律原则由于比较接近主流社会认知,所以法律规范在社会中往往可能“自执行”,无需全靠外界监督或者激励。公平原则也有其自身的局限。虽然规范和原则很重要,是社会秩序的母体。但是,公平原则并不能解决所有问题。缺乏制度上的法治,光靠情理法是不足的。所以现代社会形成了规则化解决纠纷的机制,这就是二阶意义上的法律。     

Discrimination of phenethylamine regioisomers and structural analogues by Raman spectroscopy

In this study, the Raman spectra of 21 phenethylamines were obtained using far‐red excitation (785 nm). The distinguishing ability of Raman for phenethylamines, especially for phenethylamine regioisomers and structural analogues, was investigated. Here, the evaluation of a cross section of Raman spectra demonstrated that all types of phenethylamines were distinguishable, even for certain structural analogues with high spectrum similarity. Raman exhibited high distinguishing ability for phenethylamine regioisomers that differ in the substitution position of halogen, methoxy, alkyl, or other substituted groups; as well as for structural analogues containing different groups, such as furanyl, 2,3‐dihydrofuranyl, halogen, and alkyl substituted at the same position. The Raman spectra for homologues with differences in only a methyl group were found to be highly similar; however, their spectra demonstrated small but detectable differences. Four analogue mixtures and 59 seized samples were also analyzed to study the practical use of the Raman method in forensic field. 95% of the seized samples were correctly identified, which significantly validated the ability of Raman method in identifying the correct isomers. Accordingly, this study provides a non‐destructive, high‐throughput and minimal sample preparation technique for the discrimination of phenethylamines.     

“我是查理”:《查理周刊》的谑虐传统

《查理周刊》继承了其前身《切腹》杂志目空一切、尖酸刻薄的精神,是法国颇具激进自由主义传统的讽刺性杂志。它用大量篇幅刊登一些搞笑、伤人甚至蓄意挑衅的漫画,讽刺极端右翼分子、天主教、伊斯兰教、犹太教、总统、富商、各种意识形态等。在《查理周刊》遭受伊斯兰极端分子恐怖袭击的大背景下,通过梳理该杂志的前世今身可以分析《查理周刊》在法国赖以生存的政治土壤和社会氛围,揭示该刊在法国民众中的影响力和象征意义,并表达作者个人对"我是查理"和"我不是查理"这两个貌似矛盾口号的独立思考:前者是捍卫言论自由的誓言,而后者则强调的是对言论自由这一原则不同维度的微妙理解,探讨的是新闻自由背后的伦理共识。     

信息处理能力与逻辑和批判性思维能力关系探究

以"信息大爆炸"形容当代已毫不夸张。面对互联网海量的信息,人们似乎养成了一种习惯,坐在电脑前手就会机械地一个又一个点开网页:国内、国外、中央、地方、时政、娱乐……时间已经悄悄溜走,脑袋仍然一片空白。如何才能从信息海洋中获得对自己有价值的信息又不被信息海洋所吞没?为此,人们首先需要拥有应对信息海洋的能力——信息处理能力。进而,人们还需具备良好的逻辑思维能力,特别是批判性思维能力,只有这样才能真正遨游于信息海洋之中并掘取到有用的信息。所以,厘清逻辑思维能力与信息处理能力的关系显得十分重要。