Beyond the Ballot Box: Changing Patterns of Political Protest Participation in Germany (1974–2008)

This article deals with the development of ‘unconventional’ political participation in Germany between 1974 and 2008. Our aim is to describe empirically the evolution of protest actions across time and differences between east and west. Moreover, we strive to unveil explanatory factors by analysing data from the Political Action Survey (1974/75) and the European Values Study (2008) in regard to lawful demonstrations. For this purpose, we draw on scholarly writing and test the causal effects of socio-demographic, social-structural and attitudinal factors. Our findings show that participation in lawful protest forms is not anymore a minoritarian, exceptional or unconventional act of political claims making, but a normal aspect of political behaviour. Demonstrations do not recruit exclusively a specific constituency with a clear social profile, but rather citizens from different social backgrounds and orientations. Moreover, our data suggest a gradual convergence between East and West Germany.     

Bundeskompetenzen zur Umsetzung europäischer Umweltrichtlinien

Die Umwelthaftungsrichtlinie statuiert eine ?ffentlich-rechtliche Verantwortung für Umweltsch?den, die durch berufliche T?tigkeiten verursacht werden, und sieht zu diesem Zweck umfassende Informations-, Vermeidungs- und Sanierungspflichten der Betreiber vor. Der Beitrag untersucht die Gesetzgebungskompetenzen zur Umsetzung der Richtlinie und tritt für eine europafreundliche Auslegung des Art. 75 Abs. 2 GG und dementsprechend weitreichende Regelungsbefugnis des Bundes ein. * Der Verf. ist Wiss. Assistent am Lehrstuhl für ?ffentliches Recht und Kirchenrecht der Universit?t Tübingen.     

Heinemann, Marcel: Die Sanierungsverantwortlichkeit nach § 4 Abs. 3 S. 4 Halbs. 1 BBodSchG. 2005, 272 S., € 68,–, UTR Band 82, Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin. ISBN 3-503-08740-4

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Development of a self-report measure of adherence for children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes

Two samples of insulin-dependent diabetic youths were studies in successive attempts to refine a brief patient self-report measure of general long-term adherence to a diabetic regimen. Validity and reliability were assessed for both samples by measuring a number of related variables: locus of control, stressful life events, knowledge of diabetes, parent report, and glycosylated hemoglobin. Initial evidence of validity was demonstrated in a variety of criterion areas. Both reliability and validity were replicated on the second sample. Adherence is discussed as a complex multidimensional variable, the measurement of which requires several different methods, including the selfreport measure described here. Warnings about social desirability as a confounding factor were discussed, as were suggestions for other adherence measures.Received Ph.D. in Social Treatment from the University of Chicago. Research interests include adolescent development and psychological components of physical illness.received Ph.D. from Loyola University. Research interest is adolescent depression.received M. D. from Northwestern University. Research interest is juvenile diabetes mellitus. To whom reprint requests should be sent.     

Technology Transfer via the Internet: A Way to Link Public Science and Enterprises?

The Internet is receiving increasing attention as a medium for technology transfer between public research and the business sector. Technology policy hopes that Internet presentations of research activities at public institutions will facilitate the exploitation of research results, particularly from those institutions not engaged in technology transfer so far. Based on a survey of public research units in natural sciences and engineering in Germany, we analyze the determinants of firm contacts established via the Internet. Special attention is paid to the effect of experiences in firm interaction in the past. Estimation results suggest that Internet contact to firms is more likely to be established by public research units that are already well situated in the transfer market. Research units that orient their homepage design towards the business sector are more likely to build Internet-based contact with firms. However, there is no evidence that public research units that have not been engaged with firms so far, use the Internet more intensively to get into the transfer business. Our results show that the Internet has a certain potential for advancing technology transfer at public research, although this potential is not fully utilized yet, at least in the case of Germany.     

Crime and the transformation of capitalism

This study investigates factors that enhance criminal behavior. Typically, explanations for increasing crime rates discuss various familial and community attributes; i.e., single parent households and poverty rates. When crime has increased, these attributes are cited as being responsible. This we believe is an incorrect assumption. In particular, we argue the factors that are cited by these authors merely reflect transformations within the greater economic structure. As a result, the familial and community attributes suggested as causing crime are seen as intervening variables; which are either attentuated or amplified in their ability to control criminal behavior by the condition of the economy itself. Within this study, five urban cities (New York, Detroit, Newark, Boston, and Philadelphia) are observed over a twenty eight year period. Structural change is measured by industrial employment and crime is measured by three indices: burglary, robbery and murder. Our investigation reveals a strong relationship between declining industrial employment and increasing crime rates. In addition, we find that the magnitude of this relationship is subject to variation. This variation is dependent upon whether or not the industrial decline experienced was steady or vacilating between high and low levels. These findings support the contention that familial units and other communal organizations are merely intervening variables between large-scale structural changes and criminal behavior. Moreover, it suggests that unless anti-crime efforts (increasing the size of the police forces, increasing state expenditures for law enforcement, etc.) are accompanied by strategies of industrial reorganization, they will have no impact on reducing crime rates.     

Löschung der Versteigerungsanmerkung als "Zwischeneintragung"?

Die grundbücherliche Eigentumsvormerkung oder Ranganmerkung für die beabsichtigte Ver?u?erung schlie?t zwar sogenannte Zwischeneintragungen dritter Erwerber nicht aus, doch sind diese im Falle der Vormerkungsrechtfertigung bzw des Anspruchs im angemerkten Rang grunds?tzlich l?schbar. Nicht l?schbar war allerdings nach bisheriger Rsp die zwischenzeitige Anmerkung der Einleitung der Zwangsversteigerung, sofern der Gl?ubiger aus einem ?lteren Pfandrecht Exekution führte. Der 5. Senat nimmt nunmehr aber generell L?schbarkeit der Versteigerungsanmerkung an, wenn der seit der EO-Novelle 2000 m?gliche bücherliche Hinweis auf die Exekutionsführung aus einem bestehenden Pfandrecht (§ 137 Abs 1 Satz 3 EO) fehlt. Dieser Beitrag legt zun?chst dar, dass die Vormerkung die Sachenrechtslage grundlegend anders gestaltet als die Ranganmerkung und dass das auch eine Verschiedenbehandlung zwischenzeitig eingeleiteter Versteigerungsverfahren erfordert. Der zweite Teil er?rtert grundbuchs- und exekutionsrechtliche Folgefragen dieser differenzierenden Behandlung und versucht, eine Alternative zur unbedingten L?schung der Versteigerungsanmerkung wegen Fehlens des bücherlichen Hinweises gem § 137 Abs 1 Satz 3 EO aufzuzeigen.