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241.
242.
Ferguson CJ 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(4):377-391
The potential influence of violent video games on youth violence remains an issue of concern for psychologists, policymakers
and the general public. Although several prospective studies of video game violence effects have been conducted, none have
employed well validated measures of youth violence, nor considered video game violence effects in context with other influences
on youth violence such as family environment, peer delinquency, and depressive symptoms. The current study builds upon previous
research in a sample of 302 (52.3% female) mostly Hispanic youth. Results indicated that current levels of depressive symptoms
were a strong predictor of serious aggression and violence across most outcome measures. Depressive symptoms also interacted
with antisocial traits so that antisocial individuals with depressive symptoms were most inclined toward youth violence. Neither
video game violence exposure, nor television violence exposure, were prospective predictors of serious acts of youth aggression
or violence. These results are put into the context of criminological data on serious acts of violence among youth. 相似文献
243.
Dyck CB 《Third world quarterly》2011,32(3):395-415
Growing enthusiasm for 'Sport for development and peace' (SDP) projects around the world has created a much greater interest among critical scholars seeking to interrogate potential gains, extant limitations and challenges of using sport to advance 'development' and 'peace' in Africa. Despite this interest, the role of sport in post-conflict peace building remains poorly understood. Since peace building, as a field of study, lends itself to practical approaches that seek to address underlying sources of violent conflict, it is surprising that it has neglected to take an interest in sport, especially its grassroots models. In Africa, football (soccer) in particular has a strong appeal because of its popularity and ability to mobilise individuals and communities. Through a case study on Sierra Leone, this paper focuses on sports in a particularly prominent post-civil war UN intervention—the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) process—to determine how ex-youth combatants, camp administrators and caregivers perceive the role and significance of sporting activities in interim care centres (ICCS) or DDR camps. It argues that sporting experiences in ddr processes are fruitful microcosms for understanding nuanced forms of violence and healing among youth combatants during their reintegration process. 相似文献
244.
Christopher Kilby 《The Review of International Organizations》2011,6(3-4):223-257
Through case studies and empirical analysis, scholars have uncovered convincing evidence that individual donors influence lending decisions of international financial institutions (IFIs) such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. Less clear are the mechanisms by which donors exert influence. Potential mechanisms are either formal or informal. Formal influence is through official decisions of the board of executive directors while informal influence covers all other channels. This paper explores the role of informal influence at the Asian Development Bank by examining the flow of funds after loans are approved. Controlling for commitments (loan approvals), are subsequent disbursements linked to the interests of the key shareholders, Japan and the U.S.? I compare these findings with results for the World Bank and consider implications for institutional reforms. 相似文献
245.
DeYoung PA Hall CC Mears PJ Padilla DJ Sampson R Peaslee GF 《Journal of forensic sciences》2011,56(2):366-371
A procedure has been developed to analyze the trace element concentrations in glass fragments using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectrometry. This method involves using accelerated protons to excite inner-shell electronic transitions of target atoms and recording the resultant X-rays to characterize the trace element concentrations. The protocol was able to identify those glass fragments that originated from different sources based on their elemental analyses. The protocol includes specific approaches to calculating uncertainties and handling measurements below the level of detection. The results indicate that this approach has increased sensitivity for several elements with higher atomic number compared with X-ray fluorescence methods. While not as sensitive as laser-ablation or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry methods of dissolved samples, it is entirely nondestructive and entails a much simpler sample preparation process that may be used to presort glass fragments for more comprehensive elemental analysis. As such, the technique described may have a niche role in forensic glass analysis. 相似文献
246.
David M. Shumaker Christopher Miller Carolyn Ortiz Robin Deutsch 《Family Court Review》2011,49(1):46-58
Attachment theory is increasingly being considered when contemplating post‐divorce parenting plans. Historically, there has been a strong emphasis on assessing the strength of the parent‐child bond as well as a child's attachment style. Surprisingly little research has focused on sibling bonds and the implications for post‐divorce parenting plans. This article provides an overview of sibling attachment theory, sibling attachment considerations in foster care decisions, and the limited research examining sibling attachment in divorce and parenting schedules. Several key questions are offered for mental health and legal professionals to consider when factoring sibling relations into post‐separation parenting plans. 相似文献
247.
Kyle C. Kopko Sarah McKinnon Bryner Jeffrey Budziak Christopher J. Devine Steven P. Nawara 《Political Behavior》2011,33(2):271-290
This study uses an experimental design to simulate the ballot counting process during a hand-recount after a disputed election.
Applying psychological theories of motivated reasoning to the political process, we find that ballot counters’ party identification
conditionally influences their ballot counting decisions. Party identification’s effect on motivated reasoning is greater
when ballot counters are given ambiguous, versus specific, instructions for determining voter intent. This study’s findings
have major implications for ballot counting procedures throughout the United States and for the use of motivated reasoning
in the political science literature. 相似文献
248.
Christopher Raymond 《Electoral Studies》2011,30(1):125-135
Conventional wisdom on party systems in advanced industrial democracies holds that modern electorates are dealigned and that social cleavages no longer structure party politics. Recent work on class cleavages has challenged this stylized fact. The analysis performed here extends this criticism to the religious-secular cleavage. Using path analysis and comparing the current electorates of the United States, Germany, and Great Britain with the early 1960s, this paper demonstrates that the religious-secular cleavage remains or has become a significant predictor of conservative vote choice. While the effects of the religious-secular cleavage on vote choice have become largely indirect, the total of the direct and indirect effects is substantial and equivalent to the effects of class and status. 相似文献
249.
One important but often understudied area of research in public administration is the effect of e‐government on administrative discretion. This article examines e‐government factors that influence administrative discretion through a survey of local governments. The focus of this study is on Egyptian local governments, which are using e‐government to modernise public service delivery. Through a survey of administrative officials in these governments, this study found evidence that e‐government factors of collaboration and organisational change influenced administrative discretion. Other common factors noted in the literature such as size of the local government and demand by citizens for e‐government did not register an effect on administrative discretion. The results of this study imply that local governments should do more to enhance e‐government to reduce administrative discretion, especially in the area of increasing collaboration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
250.
Pesticides overuse is a serious threat to ecosystems and wildlife, human health, and agricultural sustainability. So far, however, social scientists have not produced systematic evidence on the political–economic determinants of pesticides overuse. We argue that the agrochemical industry, as a profit‐motivated interest group, will only mobilize politically to avoid reductions in pesticides use when regulatory institutions are potentially capable of correcting a market failure. If regulatory institutions are weakened by corruption or other factors, pesticides overuse occurs with or without the influence of the agrochemical industry. We test this interactive theory systematically against quantitative data on pesticides use in 24 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries, 1991–2003. Using corruption and other indicators to capture bureaucratic quality, we find substantively large and statistically robust interactive effects. The agrochemical industry is a crucial determinant of pesticides use in nations with low corruption, whereas the agrochemical industry has no effect on pesticides use under corrupt regulatory institutions. Troublingly, these results imply that reduced corruption may not improve actual regulatory effectiveness unless political institutions can somehow constrain the influence of special interests. 相似文献