Building synergies in development research: is it time for the Mosaic Approach?

Development research has responded to a number of charges over the past few decades. For example, when traditional research was accused of being ‘top–down’, the response was participatory research, linking the ‘receptors’ to the generators of research. As participatory processes were recognised as producing limited outcomes, the demand-led agenda was born. In response to the alleged failure of research to deliver its products, the ‘joined-up’ model, which links research with the private sector, has become popular. However, using examples from animal-health research, this article demonstrates that all the aforementioned approaches are seriously limited in their attempts to generate outputs to address the multi-faceted problems facing the poor. The article outlines a new approach to research: the Mosaic Model. By combining different knowledge forms, and focusing on existing gaps, the model aims to bridge basic and applied findings to enhance the efficiency and value of research, past, present, and future.     

Speaking volumes: Amélie nothomb's hygiène de l'assassin

This article discusses the first novel of the Belgian writer, Amélie Nothomb, whose irreverent mixing of classical and contemporary models of writing has delighted literary critics in 1990s France. The main argument of this article will be that Hygiène de l'assassin playfully appropriates aspects of both Plato's Socratic dialogues and the classic detective story to question the ways we approach texts and the reading strategies we adopt. Central to Nothomb's concerns is the subversive effect of the woman reader as a figure who contests (male) authorial intentionality. Bakhtin's formulation of the “novelistic” also operates as an important critical reference point for my discussion. It offers a model for understanding the literary experimentation of Nothomb's text as a means of creating “speaking volumes,” dialogised encounters, which unsettle our expectations of genre, literature and culture.     

On the audit trail of the Auditor General: Parliament's servant, 1973–1980

Abstract. Since 1973, important changes have been brought about in the powers of the Office of the Auditor General. The balance of our system of parliamentary government is undermined by these changes. This paper argues that the Auditor General's value-for-money campaign has taken the oag over the line between audit and trespass on government policy. The Office's new powers have their legal basis in the new Auditor General Act of 1977, which says that the oag can review value-for-money studies of programs. Another term for these studies is ‘effectiveness evaluations. The powers acquired in the act made the creation of the new central agency, the Office of the Comptroller General, inevitable. Among this agency's responsibilities is the duty to ensure that each of government's programs is reviewed for value-for-money, to satisfy the requirements of the Auditor General. The two agencies thus exist in a situation of mutual obligation and legitimation. The paper further argues that value-for-money audit is not an objective review technique, but involves a great deal of judgment in each of its stages of application. It is not fitting, therefore, that reports generated under its procedures should be reviewed externally, by an officer without any electoral base. This implies that government requires some form of legitimation to govern quite outside normal conceptions of parliamentary government. Next, it is argued that the techniques of classic program evaluation are themselves biased toward demonstrations of program failure. As the post of Auditor General of Canada fell vacant in September, 1980, and a new Auditor General will be appointed, the government should take the opportunity to review the responsibilities and privileges of the Office. Sommaire. Depuis 1973, les pouvoirs du poste de vérificateur général ont subi ?importants changements. ?équilibre de notre système de gouvemement parlementaire est affaibli par ces changements. ?auteur de cette étude pense que la eampagne ← en avoir pour son argent → du vérificateur général lui a fait franchir la limite entre vérification et ingéience dans la politique gouverne-mentale. Les nouveaux pouvoirs du poste ont leur fondement légal dans la nouvelle loi du vérificateur général de 1977 qui ?autorise à examiner les programmes du point de vue coûts/résultats. Ces études portent aussi un autre nom, celui ?évaluation de ?efficacité. Ces pouvoirs, entérinés par la loi, rendirent inévitable la création ?un nouvel organisme central, le bureau du contrôleur général. Parmi les responsabilités de cet organisme se trouve celle de s'assurer que tous les programmes gouvernementaux sont étudés du point de vue coûts/résultats pour satisfaire aux exigences du vérificateur général. Ces deux offices existent done dans une situation ?obligation et de légitimation mutuelles. ?auteur soutient de plus que la vérification coûts/résultats n'est pas une technique ?examen objective mais qu'elle fait beaucoup appel au juge-ment dans ses differénts stades ?application. II n'est done pas acceptable que des rapports etablis à partir de cette technique soient examinés extérieurement par un haut fonctionnaire sans mandat électoral. Ceci sous-entend que le gouvemement a besoin ?une certaine légitimation pour gouverneur et ce, en dehors des conceptions normales du gouvemement parlementaire. II soutient ensuite que les techniques de revaluation classique des programmes ont elles-même tendance à prouver ?échec des programmes. Comme le poste de vérificateur général du Canada est devenu vacant en septembre 1980 et qu'un nouveau vérificateur général doit être nommé, le gouvemement devrait saisir cette occasion pour reconsidérer les responsabilites et les privilèges de ce poste.     

Governing the suicide bomber: reading terrorism studies as governmentality

This article engages with the suicide bomber as he or she appears in the terrorism studies literature. In contrast to sensationalised narratives of the suicide bomber as pathological or fanatical, terrorism studies has increasingly come to view suicide bombing as a rational phenomenon that follows an identifiable strategic logic. Following Foucault’s articulation of governmentality, I read this literature as a governmental practice that attempts to understand the latent rationality of suicide bombing so that the phenomenon may be effectively governed and managed. With this understanding, I look specifically at the terrorism studies accounts of female suicide bombers and argue that the concerns they articulate regarding the superior capacity of these women to go undetected, such as with the use of fake pregnancies as disguises, produces the female suicide bomber as a uniquely risky and ungovernable subject.     

The trick does not work if you have already seen the gorilla: how anticipatory effects contaminate pre-treatment measures in field experiments

Journal of Experimental Criminology - If participants can anticipate the intervention, they may alter their responses prior to exposure to treatment. One often-ignored consequence of these...